海南紫荆木不同分布区群落结构及优势种生态位特征

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202606.007

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 海南紫荆木为海南特有濒危植物。本研究以吊罗山和尖峰岭林区的海南紫荆木群落为研究对象,对其乔木层和灌木层开展植被调查,分析群落物种组成、区系分布、多样性、稳定性及生态位特征,为物种保护与种群恢复提供科学依据。结果表明:吊罗山与尖峰岭林区海南紫荆木的伴生树种均以樟科为第一优势科,两地物种组成表现出明显的热带区系特征。2个林区乔木层α多样性指数(Margalef指数、Simpson指数、Shannon指数、Pielou指数)差异均不显著,群落物种结构特征整体趋同;尖峰岭林区灌木层Margalef指数(7.03)和Shannon指数(3.08)显著高于吊罗山(4.61和2.59),物种丰富度更高。两地乔木层和灌木层的β多样性均达到显著水平,表明群落物种组成具有明显的空间分异。托盘青冈与米槠均具有较高的生态位宽度(5.79和5.51)和重要值(4.1%和3.9%),与海南紫荆木共同构成群落的主要建群种,在群落结构与功能维持中起重要作用。2个林区海南紫荆木群落物种组成与结构存在明显空间差异,在区域生物多样性保护和极小种群种质资源保存中具有不可替代的生态价值。建议在加强就地保护的基础上,对与海南紫荆木生态位重叠度较高的木荷(0.83)、黧蒴锥(0.91)等树种进行适度人工干预;在开展异地保护时,可优先选择山油柑、琼南柿等与海南紫荆木生态位互补的物种作为伴生树种,以降低种间竞争压力。

关键词: 极小种群, 伴生群落, 物种组成, 多样性, 稳定性

Abstract: Madhuca hainanensis is an endangered plant species endemic in Hainan, China. We conducted vegetation surveys for both the tree and shrub layers of M. hainanensis communities in Diaoluoshan and Jianfengling to explore species composition, floristic distribution patterns, diversity, community stability, and niche characteristics, which could provide a scientific basis for species conservation and population recovery in these areas. The results showed that Lauraceae was the dominant family among associated tree species in both sites, and the overall species composition exhibited distinct tropical floristic traits. There were no significant differences in α-diversity indices (Margalef index, Simpson index, Shannon index and Pielou index) of tree layer between the two sites, indicating broadly convergent community structural feature. In contrast, shrub layer at Jianfengling showed significantly higher Margalef (7.03) and Shannon (3.08) indices than at Diaoluoshan (4.61 and 2.59, respectively), reflecting greater species richness. Both sites exhibited significant β-diversity in both tree and shrub layers, indicating pronounced spatial differentiation in species composition. Cyclobalanopsis patentilimba and Castanopsis carlesii displayed relatively broad niche breadths (5.79 and 5.51, respectively) and high importance values (4.1% and 3.9%, respectively), jointly as constructive species alongside M. hainanensis and playing critical roles in maintaining community structure and ecological function. Species composition and structure of M. hainanensis communities in the two sites exhibited significant spatial difference, providing irreplaceable ecological value for regional biodiversity conservation and the preservation of germplasm resources of plant species with extremely small populations. On the basis of strengthening in-situ conservation, moderate artificial intervention should be implemented on tree species with high niche overlap with M. hainanensis, such as Schima superba (0.83) and Castanopsis fissa (0.91). When carrying out ex-situ conservation, species with niche complementarity with M. hainanensis, such as Acronychia pedunculata and Diospyros howii, could be preferentially selected to reduce the pressure of interspecific competition.

Key words: extremely small population, associated community, species composition, diversity, stability

王如, 张碧嘉, 雷金睿, 王小燕, 张学丰, 林芳能, 黄士绮, 廖立国. 海南紫荆木不同分布区群落结构及优势种生态位特征[J]. 应用生态学报, 2026, 37(6): 1819-1829.

WANG Ru, ZHANG Bijia, LEI Jinrui, WANG Xiaoyan, ZHANG Xuefeng, LIN Fangneng, HUANG Shiqi, LIAO Liguo. Structure and niche characteristics of dominant species of Madhuca hainanensis communities in different distribution areas[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2026, 37(6): 1819-1829.

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