黄土高原草地封育过程中土壤有机碳稳定性及其影响因素

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202607.009

应用生态学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (7): 2157-2168.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202607.009

黄土高原草地封育过程中土壤有机碳稳定性及其影响因素

张娟^1,2,3, 邓蕾^1,2,4,5, 王文龙^1,2,4,5*

¹中国科学院教育部水土保持与生态环境研究中心, 陕西杨凌 712100;
²中国科学院水利部水土保持研究所, 陕西杨凌 712100;
³中国科学院大学, 北京 100049;
⁴西北农林科技大学水土保持与荒漠化整治全国重点实验室, 陕西杨凌 712100;
⁵西北农林科技大学水土保持科学与工程学院(水土保持研究所), 陕西杨凌 712100

收稿日期:2026-03-02 接受日期:2026-06-02 出版日期:2026-07-18 发布日期:2027-01-18
通讯作者: *E-mail: nwafu_wwl@163.com
作者简介:张娟, 女, 1993年生, 博士研究生。主要从事土壤碳循环研究。E-mail: 18435121531@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(42277471)和陕西省自然科学基础研究计划项目(Z2024-ZYFS-0065)资助。

Soil organic carbon stability and its influencing factors during grassland enclosure on the Loess Plateau, China

ZHANG Juan^1,2,3, DENG Lei^1,2,4,5, WANG Wenlong^1,2,4,5*

¹Research Center of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Education, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China;
²Institute of Soil and Water Conservation, Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water Resources, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China;
³University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, China;
⁴State Key Laboratory of Soil and Water Conservation and Desertification Control, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China;
⁵College of Soil and Water Conservation Science and Engineering (Institute of Soil and Water Conservation), Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China

Received:2026-03-02 Accepted:2026-06-02 Online:2026-07-18 Published:2027-01-18

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 本研究采用空间替代时间的方法,以黄土高原不同封育年限(13、22、30、39年)草地为研究对象,以放牧草地为对照,探究草地封育过程中土壤有机碳(SOC)矿化量(C_min)、温度敏感性(Q₁₀)、SOC周转速率(K)和周转时间(T)的变化特征及其调控因子。结果表明:C_min随封育时间显著增加,封育39年草地C_min为放牧草地的2.1倍;Q₁₀随封育时间显著降低,封育39年草地Q₁₀仅为放牧草地的0.9倍。K和T随封育时间的变化受温度调控。15 ℃下,K随封育时间显著增加,T显著下降,封育39年草地K和T分别为放牧草地的8.8和0.3倍;25和35 ℃下,K和T随封育时间的变化与15 ℃下相反。C_min、K和T均与活性SOC组分呈显著正相关,与惰性SOC组分呈显著负相关;Q₁₀则呈现相反的规律。逐步回归分析表明,影响C_min的关键SOC组分为颗粒态有机碳,而影响K和T的关键SOC组分为矿物结合态有机碳(15 ℃下)和溶解性有机碳(25和35 ℃下)。综上,封育促进了SOC矿化但降低了Q₁₀,且对SOC周转的影响随温度升高由促进转为抑制。SOC组分是SOC稳定性的关键调控因子,活性SOC组分的增加促进了SOC矿化及周转,但抑制了Q₁₀。

关键词: 植被恢复, 土壤酶活性, 土壤有机碳稳定性, 土壤有机碳组分, 温带草地

Abstract: Taking grasslands with different closure durations (13, 22, 30, and 39 years) on the Loess Plateau as the research subjects, with grazed grasslands serving as the control, we explored the characteristics and regulating factors of changes in SOC mineralization (C_min), temperature sensitivity (Q₁₀), SOC turnover rate (K), and turnover time (T) during grassland enclosure, using the space-for-time substitution method. The results showed that C_min significantly increased with enclosure duration, reaching 2.1 times that of grazed grassland after 39 years of enclosure. Q₁₀ significantly decreased with enclosure duration, falling to 0.9 times that of grazed grassland after 39 years of enclosure. The changes in K and T with enclosure duration were regulated by temperature. At 15 ℃, K significantly increased and T significantly decreased with enclosure duration, reaching 8.8 times and 0.3 times those of grazed grassland, respectively, after 39 years of enclosure. At 25 and 35 ℃, the trends of K and T with enclosure duration were opposite to that observed at 15 ℃. C_min, K, and T were significantly positively correlated with labile SOC fractions and negatively correlated with recalcitrant SOC fractions, whereas the opposite pattern was observed for Q₁₀. Stepwise regression analysis revealed that the key SOC fraction influencing C_min was particulate organic carbon. In contrast, the key SOC fractions influencing K and T were mineral-associated organic carbon (at 15 ℃) and dissolved organic carbon (at 25 and 35 ℃). In conclusion, enclosure promoted SOC mineralization but suppressed Q₁₀, and its effect on SOC turnover shifted from positive to negative as temperature increased. SOC fractions were key regulators of SOC stability, with increased labile SOC fractions directly promoting SOC mineralization and turnover while indirectly suppressing Q₁₀.

Key words: vegetation restoration, soil enzyme activity, soil organic carbon stability, soil organic carbon fraction, temperate grassland

张娟, 邓蕾, 王文龙. 黄土高原草地封育过程中土壤有机碳稳定性及其影响因素[J]. 应用生态学报, 2026, 37(7): 2157-2168.

ZHANG Juan, DENG Lei, WANG Wenlong. Soil organic carbon stability and its influencing factors during grassland enclosure on the Loess Plateau, China[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2026, 37(7): 2157-2168.

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黄土高原草地封育过程中土壤有机碳稳定性及其影响因素

Soil organic carbon stability and its influencing factors during grassland enclosure on the Loess Plateau, China

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