浙江沿海繁殖海鸟种群动态及常见繁殖海鸟食性

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202607.032

应用生态学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (7): 2415-2423.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202607.032

浙江沿海繁殖海鸟种群动态及常见繁殖海鸟食性

朱珂莹¹, 陆祎玮^2,3, 王思宇^2,3, 丁鹏⁴, 李春耀⁵, 苏波⁶, 余晓⁷, 周熙来¹, 范忠勇^2,3,8, 何珂^1*

¹浙江农林大学动物科技学院/动物医学院, 杭州 311300;
²浙江自然博物院, 杭州 310014;
³浙江生物多样性研究中心, 杭州 310014;
⁴浙江省宁波市象山县自然资源和规划局, 浙江宁波 315700;
⁵浙江省嘉兴市平湖市自然资源和规划局, 浙江嘉兴 314200;
⁶浙江省温州市自然资源和规划局洞头分局, 浙江温州 325700;
⁷浙江省舟山市普陀区自然资源和规划管理中心, 浙江舟山 316100;
⁸杭州市鸟类与生态研究会, 杭州 310014

收稿日期:2026-03-16 接受日期:2026-05-25 出版日期:2026-07-18 发布日期:2027-01-18
通讯作者: *E-mail: heke@zafu.edu.cn
作者简介:朱珂莹, 女, 2002年生, 硕士研究生。主要从事动物遗传与育种、野生动物保护研究。E-mail: zky959542@163.com
基金资助:
舟山市普陀区野生动物资源本底调查项目(ZSJY-3-2024-ZFCG-012)资助。

Population dynamics of breeding seabirds and diet of common breeding seabirds along the coast of Zhejiang Province, China

ZHU Keying¹, LU Yiwei^2,3, WANG Siyu^2,3, DING Peng⁴, LI Chunyao⁵, SU Bo⁶, YU Xiao⁷, ZHOU Xilai¹, FAN Zhongyong^2,3,8, HE Ke^1*

¹College of Animal Science and Technology/College of Veterinary Medicine, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300,China;
²Zhejiang Museum of Natural History, Hangzhou 310014, China;
³Zhejiang Biodiversity Research Center, Hangzhou 310014, China;
⁴Natural Resources and Planning Bureau of Xiangshan County, Ningbo 315700, Zhejiang, China;
⁵Natural Resources and Planning Bureau of Pinghu City, Jiaxing 314200, Zhejiang, China;
⁶Dongtou Branch, Wenzhou Municipal Bureau of Natural Resources and Planning, Wenzhou 325700, Zhejiang, China;
⁷Putuo District Natural Resources and Planning Management Center, Zhoushan 316100, Zhejiang, China;
⁸Hangzhou Ornithology and Ecology Research Association, Hangzhou 310014, China

Received:2026-03-16 Accepted:2026-05-25 Online:2026-07-18 Published:2027-01-18

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 海鸟作为海洋生态系统的关键指示类群,其食性研究对于评估近海营养结构及制定保护策略具有重要价值。本研究整合2021—2025年公民科学数据,结合DNA宏条形码技术系统分析了浙江沿海繁殖海鸟的种群动态及常见繁殖海鸟黑尾鸥和褐翅燕鸥繁殖期食性特征。公民科学数据显示,浙江沿海地区作为海鸟重要栖息地,近5年观测到海鸟数量总共为95269只,舟山群岛成为繁殖海鸟的核心繁殖生境。通过对黑尾鸥和褐翅燕鸥粪便进行DNA宏条形码的高通量测序,共鉴定出鱼类36种及甲壳动物30种。黑尾鸥与褐翅燕鸥在食性上存在显著分化,黑尾鸥主要捕食鲻科和鳀科的海水鱼类,褐翅燕鸥则偏好鲱科与须鲷科的海水鱼类,二者均摄食大眼蟹科和梭子蟹科的节肢动物;黑尾鸥还摄食淡水鱼类大口黑鲈,表明其在海陆交界生境中食性的可塑性。由于褐翅燕鸥采样受限,仅针对多个繁殖岛屿的黑尾鸥进行食物多样性分析,结果显示,舟山乌柱山岛黑尾鸥的食物组成最具多样性,但岛屿间不存在差异。本研究填补了浙江沿海常见海鸟食性基础数据的空白,为近海生物多样性保护提供了科学支撑。

关键词: 黑尾鸥, 褐翅燕鸥, 食性分析, DNA宏条形码, 生态位分化, 浙江沿海

Abstract: Seabirds are a key indicator species of marine. Understanding their diet is of great significance for assessing coastal trophic structure and formulating conservation strategies. Based on integrated citizen science data from 2021 to 2025 and DNA metabarcoding technology, we analyzed population dynamics of breeding seabirds along the coast of Zhejiang Province, as well as the dietary characteristics of two common species, Larus crassirostris and Onychoprion anaethetus, during the breeding season. Citizen science data indicated that the coastal area of Zhejiang served as an important habitat for seabirds. A total of 95269 seabirds were recorded in the past five years. Zhoushan Archipelago had become the core breeding habitat for seabirds. High-throughput sequencing based on DNA metabarcoding of fecal samples from L. crassirostris and O. anaethetus identified a total of 36 fish species and 30 crustacean species. There was dietary differentiation between L. crassirostris and O. anaethetus. L. crassirostris mainly preyed on marine fish of Mugilidae and Engraulidae, while O. anaethetus prefer marine fish of Clupeidae and Mullidae. Both species fed on arthropods of Macrophthalmidae and Portunidae. In addition, L. crassirostris consumed the freshwater fish Micropterus salmoides, revealing dietary plasticity in the ecotone between marine and terrestrial habitats. Due to limited sampling of O. anaethetus, dietary diversity analysis was only performed on L. crassirostris from multiple breeding islands. The results showed that L. crassirostris from Wuzhushan Island of Zhoushan had the highest dietary composition diversity, without differences among islands. This study filled the gap in basic dietary data of common seabirds along the coast of Zhejiang Province and provides scientific support for the conservation of coastal biodiversity.

Key words: Larus crassirostris, Onychoprion anaethetus, dietary analysis, DNA metabarcoding, trophic niche differentiation, Zhejiang coast

朱珂莹, 陆祎玮, 王思宇, 丁鹏, 李春耀, 苏波, 余晓, 周熙来, 范忠勇, 何珂. 浙江沿海繁殖海鸟种群动态及常见繁殖海鸟食性[J]. 应用生态学报, 2026, 37(7): 2415-2423.

ZHU Keying, LU Yiwei, WANG Siyu, DING Peng, LI Chunyao, SU Bo, YU Xiao, ZHOU Xilai, FAN Zhongyong, HE Ke. Population dynamics of breeding seabirds and diet of common breeding seabirds along the coast of Zhejiang Province, China[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2026, 37(7): 2415-2423.

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浙江沿海繁殖海鸟种群动态及常见繁殖海鸟食性

Population dynamics of breeding seabirds and diet of common breeding seabirds along the coast of Zhejiang Province, China

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