外源高丝氨酸内酯对养殖尾水脱氮效率的影响及机制

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202607.031

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为提高水产养殖尾水中微生物脱氮效率,本研究在连续流反应器中添加不同碳链长度高丝氨酸内酯(AHLs),包括N-丁酰-L-高丝氨酸内酯(C4-HSL)、N-己酰-L-高丝氨酸内酯(C6-HSL)、N-辛酰-L-高丝氨酸内酯(C8-HSL)、N-十二酰-L-高丝氨酸内酯(C12-HSL),研究其对养殖尾水脱氮性能、污泥特性及微生物群落功能的影响,并结合宏基因组分析解析其脱氮机制。结果表明:与对照出水硝态氮浓度(5.09±2.79 mg·L^-1)相比,各AHLs处理均提高了硝态氮去除效果,稳定运行阶段出水硝态氮浓度分别降至(2.60±2.20)、(1.87±1.31)、(2.55±1.92)和(2.51±2.12) mg·L^-1,其中C6-HSL处理效果最佳,硝态氮去除率较对照提高8.0%,且将亚硝态氮和总氨氮浓度分别维持在较低水平,分别为(0.62±0.61) mg·L^-1和(0.13±0.13) mg·L^-1。AHLs处理改变了污泥表面形态及胞外聚合物组成,富集了脱硝酸弯杆菌属(丰度提升1.4%~3.4%)等硝酸盐脱氮功能菌。宏基因组分析表明,AHLs对群体感应、双组分系统及氮代谢相关功能基因具有差异化调控作用。其中,C4-HSL主要强化完全反硝化和生物膜形成相关基因,C6-HSL增强反硝化和硝酸盐异化还原为铵等脱氮相关基因表达,C8-HSL强化磷胁迫响应与固氮相关基因表达,C12-HSL诱导铁获取相关功能基因表达。综上,外源AHLs可通过调控微生物群体感应及代谢过程强化系统脱氮功能,其中C6-HSL强化效果最佳。

关键词: 群体感应, 硝酸盐去除, 高丝氨酸内酯, 微生物群落

Abstract: To improve microbial nitrogen removal efficiency in aquaculture wastewater, we added different carbon-chain-length acyl-homoserine lactones (AHLs) to continuous-flow reactors, including N-butyryl-L-homoserine lactone (C4-HSL), N-hexanoyl-L-homoserine lactone (C6-HSL), N-octanoyl-L-homoserine lactone (C8-HSL), N-dodecanoyl-L-homoserine lactone (C12-HSL). We investigated their effects on nitrogen removal performance, sludge characteristics, and microbial community functions, and further analyzed the underlying mechanisms with metagenomics. The results showed that, compared with the nitrate concentration of (5.09±2.79) mg·L^-1 in the control effluent, all AHLs improved nitrate removal, reducing the effluent nitrate concentrations during stable ope-ration to (2.60±2.20), (1.87±1.31), (2.55±1.92), and (2.51±2.12) mg·L^-1, respectively. Among them, C6-HSL showed the best performance, which increased the nitrate removal rate by 8.0%, while maintained nitrite and total ammonia nitrogen at relatively low levels of (0.62±0.61) mg·L^-1 and (0.13±0.13) mg·L^-1, respectively. AHLs altered sludge surface morphology and extracellular polymeric substance composition, and promoted the enrichment of nitrogen-removing functional bacteria such as Denitratisoma, with the relative abundance of which being increased by 1.4%-3.4%. Metagenomic analysis indicated that AHLs differentially regulated functional genes related to quorum sensing, two-component systems, and nitrogen metabolism. Specifically, C4-HSL mainly enhanced genes associated with complete denitrification and biofilm formation. C6-HSL increased the expression of genes related to denitrification and dissimilatory nitrate reduction to ammonium. C8-HSL strengthened genes involved in phosphorus stress response and nitrogen fixation. C12-HSL promoted the expression of iron-acquisition-related functional genes. In conclusion, exogenous AHLs could enhance nitrogen removal by regulating microbial quorum sensing and metabolic processes, with C6-HSL showing the best perforemence.

Key words: quorum sensing, nitrate removal, acyl-homoserine lactone, microbial community

董皓珺, 张凯, 王广军, 潘哲. 外源高丝氨酸内酯对养殖尾水脱氮效率的影响及机制[J]. 应用生态学报, 2026, 37(7): 2402-2414.

DONG Haojun, ZHANG Kai, WANG Guangjun, PAN Zhe. Effects and mechanisms of exogenous acyl-homoserine lactones on nitrogen removal from aquaculture wastewater[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2026, 37(7): 2402-2414.

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