西北地区延河流域浮游植物群落结构特征及影响因素

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202306.030

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 延河为黄河的重要支流之一,其对黄河中游生物多样性维持和生态保护具有重要作用。本研究以浮游植物为指示生物,于2021年春季(4—5月)和秋季(9—10月)对延河流域开展了系统的水生态调查,在延河干流、5条一级支流和蓄水水体(水库和淤地坝水体)共布设33个采样断面进行样品采集。结果表明: 两次调查共检出浮游植物7门91属253种,其中,春季(168种)以硅藻、绿藻占优,秋季(179种)以硅藻、蓝藻占优。春、秋季浮游植物密度和生物量均值分别为316.07×10⁴、69.56×10⁴ cells·L^-1和6.41、1.59 mg·L^-1。在时间尺度上,春季浮游植物丰度高于秋季;在空间尺度上,干流中游和下游河段浮游植物丰度均高于上游河段,筑坝拦截形成的蓄水水体浮游植物现存量维持在较高水平,且在秋季显著高于干支流水体。Shannon多样性指数、Margalef丰富度指数和Pielou均匀度指数均表明:春季浮游植物多样性大于秋季,干支流水体浮游植物多样性大于蓄水水体。冗余分析结果显示:影响延河流域春季浮游植物群落结构的关键因素为流速、溶解氧、亚硝酸盐氮和水深;影响秋季浮游植物群落结构的关键因素为硝酸盐氮、水深和溶解氧。

关键词: 延河流域, 浮游植物, 优势种, 多样性指数, 环境因子

Abstract: Yanhe River is one of the important tributaries of the Yellow River, with a vital role in the maintenance of biodiversity and ecological conservation in the middle reaches of the Yellow River. In this study, we conducted a systematic aquatic ecological survey of the Yanhe River Basin in spring (April-May) and autumn (September-October) of 2021, with phytoplankton as indicator organism. A total of 33 sampling sections were selected in the mainstem, five first-class tributaries, and impounded water bodies (reservoir and check dam water bodies) of the Yanhe River Basin. The results showed that a total of 253 phytoplankton species, belonging to 7 phyla and 91 genera, were detected in the two surveys. Diatoms and green algae prevailed in spring (168 species), while diatoms and cyanobacteria dominated in autumn (179 species). The mean phytoplankton density and biomass were 316.07×10⁴ cells·L^-1 and 6.41 mg·L^-1 in spring, and 69.56×10⁴ cells·L^-1 and 1.59 mg·L^-1 in autumn, respectively. At the temporal scale, phytoplankton abundance in spring was higher than that in autumn. At the spatial scale, the phytoplankton abundance in the middle and lower reaches of the mainstream was higher than that in the upper reaches. Phytoplankton biomass in the impounded water bodies formed by dam interception was maintained at a high level, which was significantly higher than that in the mainstem and tributary water bodies in autumn. The phytoplankton diversity, as indicated by Shannon diversity index, Margalef richness index, and Pielou evenness index, in spring was greater than that in autumn. Phytoplankton diversity was greater in the trunk and tributary waters than that in impounded waters. The results of redundancy analysis showed that the key factors driving the phytoplankton community structure in spring were flow velocity, dissolved oxygen, nitrite nitrogen, and water depth. In contrast, the key driving factors in autumn were nitrate nitrogen, water depth, and dissolved oxygen.

Key words: Yanhe River Basin, phytoplankton, dominant species, diversity index, environmental factor

卢悦, 胡恩, 丁一桐, 郭善嵩, 李刚, 潘保柱. 西北地区延河流域浮游植物群落结构特征及影响因素[J]. 应用生态学报, 2023, 34(6): 1669-1679.

LU Yue, HU En, DING Yitong, GUO Shansong, LI Gang, PAN Baozhu. Characteristics of phytoplankton community and its influencing factors in the Yanhe River Basin, Northwest China[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2023, 34(6): 1669-1679.

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