玉米秸秆不同还田方式对黑土耕层温度影响的短期效应

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202310.014

应用生态学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (10): 2693-2702.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202310.014

玉米秸秆不同还田方式对黑土耕层温度影响的短期效应

李瑞平^1,3, 罗洋¹, 隋鹏祥¹, 郑洪兵¹, 明博², 李少昆², 王浩¹, 郑金玉^1*

¹吉林省农业科学院农业资源与环境研究所/农业农村部东北作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室, 长春 130033;
²中国农业科学院作物科学研究所/农业农村部作物生理生态重点实验室, 北京 100081;
³内蒙古农业大学农学院, 呼和浩特 010019

收稿日期:2023-05-22 接受日期:2023-08-18 出版日期:2023-10-15 发布日期:2024-04-15
通讯作者: * E-mail: 15844052867@163.com
作者简介:李瑞平, 男, 1984年生, 博士, 副研究员。主要从事秸秆还田与保护性耕作研究。E-mail: ruipinghappy@126.com
基金资助:
吉林省科技发展计划项目(20210202024NC)、中国科学院战略性先导科技专项(XDA28080204)和国家重点研发计划项目子课题(2022YFD1500104-03)

Short-term effect of different returning methods of maize straw on the temperature of black soil plough layer

LI Ruiping^1,3, LUO Yang¹, SUI Pengxiang¹, ZHENG Hongbing¹, MING Bo², LI Shaokun², WANG Hao¹, ZHENG Jinyu^1*

¹Institute of Agricultural Resource and Environment, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Ecophysiology and Farming System in Northeast China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Changchun 130033, China;
²Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Ecology, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Beijing 100081, China;
³College of Agro-nomy, Inner Mongolia Agricultural University, Hohhot 010019, China

Received:2023-05-22 Accepted:2023-08-18 Online:2023-10-15 Published:2024-04-15

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 阐明东北黑土区玉米秸秆不同还田方式的土壤温度效应,对农田秸秆管理和热量资源高效利用具有重要意义。本研究在大田试验条件下,设置传统垄作秸秆不还田(CT)、秸秆深翻还田(PTSR)、秸秆碎混还田(RTSR)和秸秆覆盖还田(NTSR)4个处理,2018—2020年测定了玉米生育期5、15、30 cm土壤温度和含水率动态变化及秸秆覆盖率,分析了不同处理各土层温度差异、≥10 ℃土壤积温和有效积温(GDD)、土壤温度日动态变化和空气积温生产效率,以及影响土壤温度差异的因素。结果表明: 不同处理主要影响玉米播种至出苗期(S～VE)的土壤温度,土壤日平均温度呈现CT>PTSR>RTSR>NTSR的趋势,随着生育进程推进和土壤深度增加土壤温度差异逐渐缩小。与CT相比,PTSR、RTSR和NTSR处理5 cm土壤温度分别降低0.86、1.84和3.50 ℃;NTSR处理显著降低了不同土层≥10 ℃积温和GDD,5、15和30 cm土层≥10 ℃积温分别降低216.2、222.7和165.1 ℃·d,GDD分别降低201.9、138.7和123.9 ℃·d;NTSR处理还显著降低了空气积温生产效率,降幅为9.7%～15.6%。综上,PTSR和RTSR对玉米播种至出苗期表层土壤温度会产生显著影响,但是对空气积温生产效率无显著影响;而NTSR显著降低了耕层土壤温度和空气积温生产效率。

关键词: 东北, 玉米, 秸秆还田, 土壤温度

Abstract: Clarifying the effect of different maize straw returning methods on soil temperature is crucial for optimizing the management of farmland straw and the efficient utilization of heat resources in the black soil region of Northeast China. To investigate the impacts of straw returning methods on soil temperature, we conducted a field experiment with four treatments during 2018 and 2020, including plough tillage with straw returning (PTSR), rotary tillage with straw returning (RTSR), no-tillage with straw returning (NTSR), and a control treatment of conventional ridge tillage without straw returning (CT). We measured soil temperature and water content at the 5 cm, 15 cm and 30 cm soil layer, and the straw coverage rate during the 3-year maize growth period. We further analyzed the differences of soil temperature in different soil layer under different treatments, accumulated soil temperature and growing degree-days (GDD) above 10 ℃, daily dynamics of soil temperature, the production efficiency of air accumulated temperature among different treatments, and explored factors causing the difference of soil temperature and the production efficiency of air accumulated temperature. Our results showed that different treatments mainly affected soil temperature from the sowing to emergence stage (S-VE) of maize. The daily average soil temperature showed a trend of CT>PTSR>RTSR>NTSR. The differences of soil temperature under different treatments showed a decreasing trend as growth process advanced and soil depth increased. Compared with the CT treatment, soil temperature at 5 cm depth was decreased by 0.86, 1.84 and 3.50 ℃ for PTSR, RTSR, and NTSR treatments, respectively. NTSR significantly reduced the accumulated temperature of ≥10 ℃ in different soil layers and GDD. The accumulated temperature ≥ 10 ℃ at the 5, 15, and 30 cm soil layers decreased by 216.2, 222.7, and 165.1 ℃·d, and the GDD decreased by 201.9, 138.7 and 123.9 ℃·d, respectively. In addition, production efficiency of air accumulated temperature decreased by 9.7% to 15.6% for NTSR. Conclusively, PTSR and RTSR had significant impacts on topsoil temperature during the maize growing period from sowing to emergence, but did not affect the accumulated soil temperature and the production efficiency of air accumulated temperature. However, NTSR significantly reduced topsoil temperature and production efficiency of air accumulated temperature.

Key words: Northeast China, maize, straw return, soil temperature

李瑞平, 罗洋, 隋鹏祥, 郑洪兵, 明博, 李少昆, 王浩, 郑金玉. 玉米秸秆不同还田方式对黑土耕层温度影响的短期效应[J]. 应用生态学报, 2023, 34(10): 2693-2702.

LI Ruiping, LUO Yang, SUI Pengxiang, ZHENG Hongbing, MING Bo, LI Shaokun, WANG Hao, ZHENG Jinyu. Short-term effect of different returning methods of maize straw on the temperature of black soil plough layer[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2023, 34(10): 2693-2702.

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玉米秸秆不同还田方式对黑土耕层温度影响的短期效应

Short-term effect of different returning methods of maize straw on the temperature of black soil plough layer

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