毛竹篼根和鞭根解磷细菌对磷添加的响应

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202501.036

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 毛竹林主要分布在缺磷的亚热带地区,具有天然的立竹年龄结构及独特的篼根和鞭根“双根系统”,挖掘根际解磷菌种资源并探明其对磷添加的响应,是提升毛竹生产力和生态功能的关键。本研究采用微孔板高通量筛选方法,分离3个磷添加水平(对照,CK,0 kg P·hm^-2·a^-1;低磷,LP,50 kg P·hm^-2·a^-1;高磷,HP,100 kg P·hm^-2·a^-1)样地的毛竹篼根(1龄和3龄)及相连鞭根根际解磷细菌,探究解磷菌数量与活性对磷添加的响应及其影响因素。毛竹根际共分离出125株解磷菌,其中96.8%为变形菌门,主要包括布鲁氏菌属和伯克霍尔德氏菌属。3龄竹篼根的解磷菌最多(52株),解磷活性为171.24 mg·L^-1,分别是1龄竹篼根和鞭根解磷菌解磷活性的1.5和1.4倍。与对照样地相比,LP样地1龄竹篼根解磷菌的数量和活性均降低,HP样地解磷菌的数量保持不变但活性增加;LP样地3龄竹篼根和鞭根的根际解磷菌的数量降低但解磷活性增加,HP样地解磷菌的数量和活性均增加。细菌的解磷活性与土壤总磷、pH和微生物生物量磷呈显著正相关。综上,3龄毛竹篼根解磷菌的数量和活性均高于1龄竹篼根和鞭根,并对磷添加有积极响应。建议在毛竹林集约化管理中优先施磷肥于3龄竹篼根,以更大限度地激活土壤微生物的解磷潜力。

关键词: 毛竹林, 根际微生物, 解磷活性, 分离与鉴定, 精准施肥

Abstract: Moso bamboo forests are mainly distributed in subtropical regions characterized by phosphorus (P) deficiency. Moso bamboo exhibits a natural age structure of culms and a unique ‘dual root system’ of shoot roots and rhizome roots. Exploiting phosphate-solubilizing microorganisms (PSM) in the rhizosphere and their responses to P addition is essential for improving productivity and ecological functions of moso bamboo. We investigated the effect of P addition on the number and activity of PSM from the rhizosphere of shoot roots (1 year and 3 years) and rhizome roots across three levels of P addition (control: CK, 0 kg P·hm^-2·a^-1, low P: LP, 50 kg P·hm^-2·a^-1, high P: HP, 100 kg P·hm^-2·a^-1). We utilized the microporous plate high-throughput screening method to isolate PSM. A total of 125 strains were isolated from the rhizosphere, with 96.8% of the isolates belonging to Proteobacteria phylum. The main genus were Brucella and Burkholderia. The roots of 3-year-old bamboo (SⅢ) showed the highest number of PSM (52 strains), with the phosphorus solubilization activity of 171.24 mg·L^-1, which was 1.5 and 1.4 times of that in 1-year-old shoot roots (SⅠ) and rhizome roots, respectively. Compared with CK, both the number and activity of PSM in SⅠ decreased in LP, while the number of PSM remained unchanged but the activity increased in HP. The number of PSM in SⅢ and rhizome roots decreased in LP, whereas the activity increased. Both the number and activity of PSM increased in HP. The activity of PSM was significantly positively correlated with soil total P content, pH, and microbial biomass P. Overall, the SⅢ demonstrated a higher number and activity of PSM compared to the SⅠ and rhizome, with positive response to P addition. We recommended to apply P fertilizer to the rhizosphere of 3-year-old shoot to maximize the microbial activity for P solubilizing in the intensive management of moso bamboo forests.

Key words: moso bamboo, rhizosphere microorganism, phosphorus solubilizing activity, isolation and identification, precision fertilization

张清, 项春铸, 田佳怡, 江明君, 房翠莲, 李全, 曹婷婷, 宋新章. 毛竹篼根和鞭根解磷细菌对磷添加的响应[J]. 应用生态学报, 2025, 36(1): 284-292.

ZHANG Qing, XIANG Chunzhu, TIAN Jiayi, JIANG Mingjun, FANG Cuilian, LI Quan, CAO Tingting, SONG Xinzhang. Response of phosphate solubilizing bacteria in the rhizosphere of moso bamboo to phosphorus addition[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2025, 36(1): 284-292.

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