灌丛化和气候变暖对青藏高原高寒草甸β-土壤多功能性的影响

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202509.007

应用生态学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (9): 2745-2752.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202509.007

灌丛化和气候变暖对青藏高原高寒草甸β-土壤多功能性的影响

崔瀚文¹, 杨子², 赵霞¹, 蒋晓轩¹, 张安宁², 张淼², 陈书燕², 肖洒^1*

¹兰州大学生态学院草种创新与草地农业生态系统全国重点实验室, 兰州 730000;
²兰州大学生命科学学院细胞活动与逆境适应教育部重点实验室, 兰州 730000

收稿日期:2025-04-23 接受日期:2025-07-17 出版日期:2025-09-18 发布日期:2026-04-18
通讯作者: *E-mail: xiaos@lzu.edu.cn
作者简介:崔瀚文,男,1995年生,博士研究生。主要从事保育植物对生态系统功能影响研究。E-mail:cuihw21@lzu.edu.cn
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(41830321,32471559,32071532,32460262)和甘肃省自然科学基金项目(24JRRA433)

Effects of shrub encroachment and climatic warming on the β-soil multifunctionality on alpine meadows of the Tibetan Plateau, China

CUI Hanwen¹, YANG Zi², ZHAO Xia¹, JIANG Xiaoxuan¹, ZHANG Anning², ZHANG Miao², CHEN Shuyan², XIAO Sa^1*

¹State Key Laboratory of Herbage Improvement and Grassland Agro-ecosystems, College of Ecology, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China;
²Key Laboratory of Cell Activities and Stress Adaptations of Ministry of Education, School of Life Sciences, Lanzhou University, Lanzhou 730000, China

Received:2025-04-23 Accepted:2025-07-17 Online:2025-09-18 Published:2026-04-18

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 在全球变化背景下,灌丛化和气候变暖对草原生态系统多个土壤功能及其异质性均会产生重要影响。然而,目前关于灌丛化和增温对高寒草甸β-土壤多功能性的影响研究较少。本研究在以嵩草属和薹草属植物为建群种的高寒草甸,建立为期3年的剔除灌木(样地中仅存在金露梅一种灌木)和设置开顶式生长室增温(0.5～1.2 ℃)试验,通过多维欧几里得距离计算土壤有机碳、总氮、硝态氮、铵态氮、总磷、磷酸酶、脲酶、蔗糖酶、土壤细菌拷贝数以及土壤真菌拷贝数的空间差异,得到β-土壤多功能性,分析灌丛化和增温对高寒草甸β-土壤多功能性的影响。结果表明: 剔除灌木显著降低7.3%的β-土壤多功能性,增温对β-土壤多功能性没有显著影响,剔除灌木和增温的交互作用对β-土壤多功能性具有显著影响。在不增温的情况下,剔除灌木显著降低14.3%的β-土壤多功能性;在增温处理下,保留灌木样地和剔除灌木样地之间β-土壤多功能性没有显著差异。结构方程模型表明,剔除灌木以及剔除灌木和增温的交互作用主要是通过直接途径影响β-土壤多功能性。草地灌丛化可以提高青藏高原高寒草甸生态系统功能的空间差异,在全球气候变暖背景下,灌丛化的加剧可能会导致灌木冠层内的生态系统功能趋于同质。

关键词: β-土壤多功能性, β-土壤微生物多样性, 灌木, 土壤环境异质性, 增温

Abstract: In the context of global changes, shrub encroachment and climatic warming exert significant impacts on multiple soil functions and their heterogeneity of grassland ecosystems. However, the effects of shrub encroachment and warming on the β-soil multifunctionality on alpine meadows remain unknown. We conducted a three-year experiment on alpine meadows dominated by Kobresia and Carex species, involving the removal of shrubs (only one shrub species, Dasiphora fruticosa, was present in the plots) and the installation of open-top growth chambers for warming (by 0.5-1.2 ℃). We used multidimensional Euclidean distance to assess spatial variations in soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, nitrate, ammonium, total phosphorus, phosphatase, urease, sucrase, soil bacterial copy number, and soil fungal copy number to obtain β-soil multifunctionality and analyzed the effects of shrub encroachment and warming on β-soil multifunctionality of alpine meadows. The results showed that removing shrub significantly reduced β-soil multifunctionality by 7.3%, while warming did not affect β-soil multifunctionality. The interaction between removing shrub and warming had a significant effect on β-soil multifunctionality. Under non-warming condition, removing shrub significantly reduced β-soil multifunctionality by 14.3%. However, under the warming treatment, removing shrub did not affect β-soil multifunctionality. Structural equation modeling indicated that removing shrub and the interaction between removing shrub and warming primarily affected β-soil multifunctionality through the direct pathways. Shrub encroachment can increase the spatial variation in ecosystem functions on alpine meadow of the Tibetan Plateau. In the context of global climatic warming, intensified shrub encroachment may lead to the homogenization of ecosystem functions.

Key words: β-soil multifunctionality, β-soil microbial diversity, shrub, soil environmental heterogeneity, warming

崔瀚文, 杨子, 赵霞, 蒋晓轩, 张安宁, 张淼, 陈书燕, 肖洒. 灌丛化和气候变暖对青藏高原高寒草甸β-土壤多功能性的影响[J]. 应用生态学报, 2025, 36(9): 2745-2752.

CUI Hanwen, YANG Zi, ZHAO Xia, JIANG Xiaoxuan, ZHANG Anning, ZHANG Miao, CHEN Shuyan, XIAO Sa. Effects of shrub encroachment and climatic warming on the β-soil multifunctionality on alpine meadows of the Tibetan Plateau, China[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2025, 36(9): 2745-2752.

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灌丛化和气候变暖对青藏高原高寒草甸β-土壤多功能性的影响

Effects of shrub encroachment and climatic warming on the β-soil multifunctionality on alpine meadows of the Tibetan Plateau, China

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