中国主要苜蓿品种的产量性状及其多样性研究

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 对28个4龄苜蓿品种单株产量性状及其相关性和变异进行了研究.结果表明,品种间单株干物质产量及各产量性状存在显著差异,其中单株干物质产量最高和较高的分别是新疆大叶(452.8g·株^-1)和甘农3号(373.0g·株^-1);叶片最宽和最长者均为新疆大叶和甘农3号;单株枝条数增加最多是第3茬,3茬单株枝条数最高和较高的品种是新牧1号、图牧2号、肇东和北疆;苜蓿株高生长高峰期在第1茬,生长最快的品种为甘农3号和新疆大叶.相关分析表明,单株干物质产量与株高及枝条数等构成因素之间存在显著或极显著相关,其中1、3茬株高及3茬单株枝条数等性状相关最好,呈显著相关的品种达19～22个,且相关系数亦最高.产量性状变异分析表明,品种内变异大于品种间变异,前者占总变异的76.0%～93.8%,而后者仅占6.1%～24.0%.各性状变异程度表现依次为3茬单株枝条数>单株干物质产量>1茬单株枝条数>2茬单株枝条数>春季株高>3茬株高>2茬株高>叶宽>现蕾期株高>叶长>1茬株高.

关键词: 紫花苜蓿, 干物质产量, 产量性状, 多样性

Abstract: The dry matter (DM) yield and its characteristics of 28 alfalfa varieties were evaluated in the 4th year under space sowing condition.The results showed that there existed significant difference (P<0.01) in DM yield and its characteristics among the varieties.The highest and higher DM yield were obtained form varieties Xinjiang Deye (452.8 g穚lant^-1) and Gannong No.3(373.0 g穚lant^-1),respectively,and the varieties with the highest height and branch/plant at the 3rd cutting were Gannong No.3,Xinjiang Deye,Weixian,Tumu No.2,Xinmu No.1,and Zhaodong.The correlation analysis between DM yield and its characteristics indicated that the main factors affecting yield were the height and the branch/plant.The genetic diversity of DM yield and its components in 28 alfalfa varieties showed that the variations of DM yield and yield components of within-variety were larger than those of among-variety in majority of test varieties.The CV of all characteristics were presented in order of 3rd No.branch/plant>DM yield/plant>1st No.branch/plant>2nd No.branch/plant>Spring height>3rd height>2nd height>leaf width>budding height>leaf length>1st height.

Key words: Alfalfa, Dry matter yield, Yield characteristics, Diversity

中图分类号:

S812

孙建华, 王彦荣. 中国主要苜蓿品种的产量性状及其多样性研究[J]. 应用生态学报, 2004, (5): 803-808.

SUN Jianhua, WANG Yanrong. Yield characteristics and genetic diversity of main alfalfa varieties in China[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2004, (5): 803-808.

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