Table of Content

25 April 1994, Volume 5 Issue 2

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Articles

Interspecific correlation of evergreen broad-leaved forest in Tiantong National Forest Park or Zbejiang Province

Wang Xiangrong, Song Yongchang

1994, 5(2):  113-119. 

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The interspecific correlation study of evergreen broad-leaved forest in Tiantong national forest park of Zhejiang Province with four formulae,i.e.X²,AC,PCC and r shows that tree and shrub layers can be divided into two species groups,i.e.,Schima superba+Castanopsis sclerophlla and Cyclobanopsis glauca + Machilus thunbergii in tree layer, and Schima superal(young tree)+Loropetalum chinense and Machilus thunbergii(young tree)+Cinnamomum subavenium(young tree) in shrub layer.

Germination condition of assisting Larix gmelinii natural regeneration

Xu Zhenbang, Chen Hua, ChenTao, Shao Chunhai, Yang Shanxun

1994, 5(2):  120-125. 

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Assisting the natural regeneration of Larix gmelinii is a major measure to rehabilitate the forest vegetation of Greater Xian mountains after big forest fire. In this paper,the germination condition of assisting Larix gmelinii natural regeneration was analysed.The emergent frequency and density of Larix gemlinii seedlings after one year of assisting regeneration were largely related to seed year. The best regeneration results of seedlings came from the assistant measures in the seed year,and the emergent frequency and density of Larix gmelinii seedling reached to 70% and 1000-2000 sedlings·ha^-1,respectively.The regeneration effects also related to site type,seed source,and soil preparation.In general,a good assisting result of Ledum plastre-Larix gmelinii and Moss-Vaccicum vitis-i-daea-Larix gmelinii forests can be found at middle and lower parts of slope and the regeneration frequency can be up to 60- 70%.Most regeneration seedlings of Larix gmelinii were appeared on the naked,moist topsoil.The relationship between regeneration frequency and vegetation cover clearly showed a negatively exponential curve.The effective distance of mother tree wall was less than 60m.

Effect of pure and mixed stands on soil physical and chemical properties

Deng Shijian, Zhang Jiawu, Chen Chuying, Gao Hong, Su Yong, Li Jinfang, Luo Guibiao, Lai Zhongcai

1994, 5(2):  126-132. 

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Studies on soil physical and chemical properties of mixed broadleaved and coniferous forests show that the improvement effect of mixed forest on soil is better than that of pure forest, under which,soil porosity is increased by 2-19%,soil moisture content by 6-31%,annual litter amount by 2-200%,total N by 45-75 %,NH₄-N by 33-82%,exchangeable Ca and Mg by 55-85% and 44-84% respectively,and humus content by 37-46%.

Profile characteristics or near-surface layer in farmland windbreak network region

Shuli, Zhu Tingyao, Guan Dexin

1994, 5(2):  133-137. 

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Observations of wind speed, temperature and humidity over large windbreak network are.with tethered ballon found that near-surface layer can be divided into two layers, lower boundary layer and turbulent boundary layer. Their thicknesses and profile distribution are related to Richardson number (Ri). All profiles under neutral stratification are satisfied with logarithmic law.In these layers, especially in turbulent boundary layer,the friction velocities U." are increased by one order of magnitude than that in open land,and the roughnesses Z"₀ by two ones or more.

Horizontal distribution pattern of evaporation in windbreak network

Zhao Huanyin, Zhu Jinwei, Wang Weihua

1994, 5(2):  138-143. 

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In this paper,the data on water surface evaporation are analysed. The change of relative evaporation in windbreak network can be fitted by segmental curve, which includes two parts:the logarithmic one obeies natural logarithmic rule E_h/E₀=a₁+b₁lnh,and the second-degree curve one obeies second-degree curve rule,E_h/E₀=a₂h²十b₂h+c.Based on the characteristic study of horizontal distribution of evaporation,the mean relative evaporation intensity in windbreak network is estimated and the optimum distance space of sheltbelts for water reserve is discussed.

Ecolomic planning research on developiug and utilizing hilly and mountainous lands at Nanfeng township

Lu Jianbo, WangZhaoqian, Ma Yue

1994, 5(2):  144-147. 

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Six kinds of decision plans are simulated,forecasted and analysed using system dynamics method.The results show that multiple objective programming model is the best one,and the present and forest models are worse. Orange, mulberry and Chinese chestnut models are faced with a greater risk.The planting area of mulberry,Chinese chestnut,vegetable bamboo and green manure crop should be enlarged.

Comparative study on the agricultural management systems in black soil region of Songhuajiang River-Nenjiang River Plain of Northeast China

Liu Hongxiang, Wang Delu, Zhang Shujun and Zhang Xiulan

1994, 5(2):  148-151. 

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A comparative study on the agricultural managenent systems and their optimization in the black soil region of Northeast China wassconducted.The simulation m experiment results show that combining organic-inorganic gricultural management system has the common merits of traditional agriculture and ppetroleum one.It is a suitable management system for developing Chinese agriculture and improving system productivity and nutritional cycling structure.

RuBP carboxylase in Phragmites communis at saline habitats of Hexi Corridor

Zhao Xiangshan ,Zhang Chenglie

1994, 5(2):  152-155. 

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Studies on the structure of RuBP carboxylase in Phragmites communis at different saline habitats of Hexi Corridor show that its large and small subunits have the same molecular weight.As for the reeds at saline meadow and transitional zone,their RuBP carboxylase has a higher content of hydrophilic amino acid,lower content of hydrophobic amino acid and sharply decreased amount of SH groups titrated by PCMB when compared with the reed at swamp meadow,which indicates that the structure of RuBP carboxylase in reeds is varied and the enzyme has a gene expression to the environmental variation.

Construction of Sporocytophaga B29 gene library and clouiug of CMCase gene

ZhangLixin, Liu Chunqiang, Kuai Jun, Gao Peiji

1994, 5(2):  156-158. 

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An endoglucanase(CMCase)gene from Sporocytophaga B29 was cloned in Escherichia coli JM83. The chromosomal DNA of B29 was partially digested with restriction enzyme PstI and ligated into the plasmid pUC8 that had been linearized with the same enzyme.After transformation of JM83,the gene library of B29 was constructed and an endoglucanase-positive clone was detected in situ.All transformants with Ap^r had the activity of CMCase,proving that what we cloned was a CMCase gene.

Temporal characteristics of reproductive distribution of hymenopterous parasitoid population

Kuang Rongping, Tang Yezhong

1994, 5(2):  159-162. 

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This paper deals with the characteristics of reproductive distribution of hymenopterous parasitoid population on the basis of 23 sets of fecundity data for 10 species of it. The result show that all of these species have a similar distribution of reproduction with time，which is concentrated in the first d days，and in first d/2 days in particular. The contribulion of population reproduction to population growth in a reproductive period of d almost reaches to 100%，of which，most contribution is achieved in reproductive period of d/2. This characteristics of reproductive distribution is of importance to determining the intrinsic increase rate of parasitoid population and understanding its quantitative dynamics with time.

Spatial pattern of hawthorn spider mite population and its application Ⅱ.Synthetical es timation of population density or adult mites and its sampling techinique

Zhang Qingguo, Xu Li, Zou Yunding

1994, 5(2):  163-166. 

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In this paper, an improved method of estimating population density──" Synthetical threshold density method" is put forward through combining Iwao's zero frequency method with Gerrard's threshold density one,by which, the density estimation of adualt mites on apple tree and its sampling technique are approached. The mean density of adult mites is estimated by zero frequency method, and theoretical models of sampling numbers are obtained.It's shown that theoretical sampling numbers needed for zero frequency method are less than those for direct counting method.The fitting effect of synthetical threshold density method is better than that of Gerrard's.

Feeding habits of Macoca multta in tropical and subtropical forests

Wang Jun, Jiang Haisheng, Liu Zhenghe , Feng Min

1994, 5(2):  167-171. 

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In this paper,the relatipnship between feeding habits of Macaca mulatta and types of vegetation in the forests is investigated with follow track survey method. The results show that Macaca mulatta selects seasonal or secondary rain forest as its main food-seeking place.Its feeding habits are directly affected by the geographic distribution and species number of plants in the habitats. The frequency of seeking definite parts of plants by Macaca mulatta varies with the growing stages of plants.

Growth of Anabaeaopsis sp.and its main nutrient components

Shang Zhenguang, Wu Yushu

1994, 5(2):  172-176. 

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Anabaenopsis sp.is the dominant species in Chenghai lake. Under laboratory condition,the optimum temperature for its growth is 25℃,light intensity is 6000 Lx, photoperiod is 24h,concentrations of NO₃^-,PO₄^{3--P,CO-C andFe3+ are respectively 10.00,1.00,150.00 and 1.00mg·L-1,and PH is 9.0.Its maximum growth rate is 0.817,and the minimum multiplication duration is 0.85 days.The contents of its raw protein,lipid, carbohydrates and ash are respectively 61.25,5.30,20.34 and 8.25%(dry weight),and its amino acid content is 52.63%.}

Ecological study on metabolic function of algae-bacteria ecosystem

Deng Jiaqi, Zhan Facui, Xia Yicheng, Kuang Qijun, Ye Chunfang, Chen Wenhua

1994, 5(2):  177-181. 

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Effects of ecological factors on metabolic rate of organic carbon(C₆H₁₂O₆), NH₃-N and inorganic phosphorus (IP) in an algae-bacteria ecosystem (A+B) are studied under simulated conditions.The results show that the metabolic rate of C₆H₁₂O₆ in A+B ecosystem increases with decreasing ratio of bacteria (B)/algae (A) or algae/bacteria, and those of C₆H₁₂O₆,NH₃-N and lP are different in light and dark experiments. The average metabolic rate of C₆H₁₂O₆ in dark is 12.3% higher than in light, while those of IP and NH₃-N in light are respectively 14. 4% and 16.2% higher than in dark.The average metabolic rate of these three nutrient matters are all increased with increasing load of organic carbon in A+B,A and B cultures, especially in case of NH₃-N.The relationship between structure and function of algae-bacteria ecosystem is also discussed in this paper.

Biodegradation of ¹⁴C-aldicarb in upland soils

Jiao Shuzhen, Yao Jianren, Zheng Yongquan, Qian Yixin, Chen Yingxu, T. T. Liang

1994, 5(2):  182-186. 

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Biodegradation of ¹⁴C-aldicarb in five soils is studied.Simulation test carried out in a closed microcosm with 22% of soil moisture content at 20-30℃.Among the soils tested,that from Xiaojiahe, Beijing, has the highest degradation rate of ¹⁴C-aldicarb. After a four-weeks incubation,51.3% of applied radiocarbon are released from it in the form of ¹⁴CO₂,26.0%are bound and only 21.6 % are extractable.In soil from Yiwu, Zhejinag,a decreased degradation of ¹⁴C-aldicarb is observed.The amount of ¹⁴CO₂,collected from it occupies 23.3% of total ¹⁴C applied.The degradation of aldicarb is significantly retarded when sterilizing chemical chloramphenicol or captafol is applied to the soil.Aldicarb sulfoxids and aldicarb sulfoxide oxime are identified as the major metabolites, and trace amounts of aldicarb sulfone,nitrile sulfoxide and nitrile sulfone are also found in soils.

Pollution behavior of organic Cr(Ⅲ)complexes in soil-plant system

Chen Yingxu, Zhu Zuxiang, He Zengyao

1994, 5(2):  187-191. 

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The effects of organic Cr(Ⅲ) complexes on rice growth and their relation to Cr uptake and accumulation are studied. The toxicity of organic Cr(Ⅲ)is decreased in order of ED-TA-Cr>citric-Cr> ful v ic -Cr> h u mic-Cr.O rga nic Cr(Ⅲ)has the higher toxicity than inorganic Cr(Ⅲ). Most of Cr(Ⅲ)absorbed by rice are accumulated in roots and difficult to be transported into stems,leaves and grains. The uptake of organic Cr(Ⅲ) is more than that of inorganic Cr(Ⅲ)under same Cr concentration, and the former is easy to be transported from roots into stems, leaves and grains. Available Cr content in organic Cr(Ⅲ)treated soil is much higher and decreased more slowly than in inorganic Cr(Ⅲ ) treated one.In general,the Cr content in roots is increased with time of rice growth.

Inter-and intraspeific differences of crops in cadmium toleranceⅠ.Interspecific difference

Yang Jurong, He Jianqun, Huang Yi, Jiang Wanru

1994, 5(2):  192-196. 

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14 species of crops in 8 families were found having a significant interspecific difference in Cd tolerance. Gramineous crops have a higher tolerance than vegetables.The tolerance is less related to the Cd content of crops,but negatively related to its proportion accumulated in their aboveground parts. After treated with Cd,crops with different strength of cadmium tolerance changed some of their physiological metabolisms in different ways.

Holographic relationship between ecosystem and organism

Cao Zhiping

1994, 5(2):  197-203. 

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The concept that there exists a holographic relationship between ecosystem and organism is put forward in this paper. It's considered that both ecosystem and organism have the functions of protection, support, movement, assimilation, respiration, circulation, excretion, reproduction and regulation, and the ecosystem shares the common characters with organism in the aspect of secondary succession or regeneration process.According to the nature of sluggish and simplification in the process of recapitulation of ECIWO (embryo containing the information of whole organism), a new explanation to the multi-direction and multi-route of ecological succession is found.

Regional management of pollution around Bobai Sea

Chen Tao, Sun Yongbin, Shi Zhuomin, Chen Wei, Hou Maolin

1994, 5(2):  204-209. 

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In this paper, main strategies and measures of regional management of pollution around Bobal Sea are proposed on the basis of analysis of serious pollution problems of the area.The authores consider that firstly, it is necessary to apply the holistic objectives and zoning views to the management ; secondly, a harmonious economic and environmental system must be established on the basis of proper and high efficient use of natural resources to promote the sustainable regional development; and finally,the comprehensive control of pollution of urbanizing area such as urban groups and river basins is significant for thesuccess of regional management of pollution.

Water consumption properties of adaptable nursery stocks on Loess plateau

Han Ruilian, Liang Zongsuo, Hou Qingchun, Zou Honyuan

1994, 5(2):  210-213. 

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A study on the water consumption properties of six adaptable species of nursery stocks on Loess plateau shows that under suitable soil water condition, Populus and Robinia pseadoacacia have the highest water consumption, Caragana microphylla comes to the next,and Hippophae rhamnoides, Pinus taholaeformis and Biota orientalis have the lowest consumption. When water deficit is from medium to serious, the decline in water consumption. of Populus , Robinia pseudodcacia and Caragana microphylla is obvious, but that of other 3 species is unobvious. Under the same water content, the leaf area of Robinia pseudoacacia changes greatestly, and its leaf begins to death at the earliest time; the shoot growth of Populus and Rdenia pseadoacacia is the highest, that of Hippophae rhamnoides and Caragana microphylla comes to the next, and that of Pinus tabulaeformis and Biota orientalis is the lowest, and which have the highest water consumption coefficient, but Hippophae rhamnoides has the lowest one.

Heat budget or Naiman grassland in inner Mongolia

Li Shenggong, He Zongying, Shen Jianyou, Yoshinobu Harazono

1994, 5(2):  214-216. 

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To elucidate the mechanism of desertification in semi-arid area, the heat budget of desertificating grassland owing to over-grazing is analyzed using Bowen ratio method.The re.suits show that net radiation and latent heat flux are increased with grass growth. In daytime, net radiation is used for latent heat exchange, but at night,it is largely supplied by latent and soil heat fluxes.The net radiation and latent heat flux over the grassland are much larger than those above a sand dune.

Life table of physiological age of Rhopalosiphum nymphaeae and its parametric analysis

Zhu Jian, Dai Zhiyi, Lu Ziqiang

1994, 5(2):  217-220. 

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The study shows that within the appropriate range of temperature (20-28℃),l_x and m_x curves of the population on the same host plant are basically identical. The l_x curve belongs to Deevey type i.A high temperature of 32℃ is harmful to the population, which is indicated by the late appearance and the lower magnitude of the peak of m_x curve.The intrinsic increase rate r_{m and stable instar distribution of the population vary with the type of host plant,but not with the temperature in appropriate range.Parameters rm, TTA and T etc.in the life table of physiological age are relatively stable with respect to temperature,indicating that they may be considered as the characters of the population and applied in insect taxonomy.}

Effect of synthetic wastewater on eco-physiological indexes of Kandelia candel seedlings:a preliminary report

Chen Guizhu, Miao Shenyu, Nora F. Y. Tam, Yu Shanwong

1994, 5(2):  221-224. 

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After treated with synthetic wastewater for 9 month in a greenhouse,the chllorophyll,proline and water contents,catalase activity and relative electric conductivity of Kandeliacandel leaves are determined. Normal concentration of wastewater stimulates the growth of seedlings,while five and ten times of normal concentration provide a similar growth as control and have a signigficant effect on eco-physiological indexes.The present study demonstrates that Kandelia candel might have a stronger resistance to municipal wastewater and its feasible to treat them with it.