交替地下滴灌对春玉米产量和水分利用效率的影响

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.201608.032

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 采用自动式遮雨棚水分精量控制试验研究了交替地下滴灌条件下不同灌溉定额对春玉米产量和水分利用效率的影响.结果表明:交替地下滴灌春玉米需水关键时期为拔节-抽雄期、抽雄-灌浆期,具体表现为耗水模系数与耗水强度大,且对水分敏感性高,在灌溉条件有限的情况下要优先满足春玉米这两个时期的水分需求.随着灌溉定额的增加,产量呈现增加趋势;灌溉定额小于2764.5 m³·hm^-2时产量随灌溉定额增加快速增加,大于2764.5 m³·hm^-2时产量随灌溉定额增加缓慢增加;当灌溉定额为3357.1 m³·hm^-2时产量最高,达12109.0 kg·hm^-2.与固定地下滴灌相比,在灌溉定额相同条件下,交替地下滴灌产量提高5.4%,水分利用效率提高1.4%,灌溉水利用效率提高5.6%.与固定地下滴灌相比,灌溉定额减少20%时,交替地下滴灌虽然产量下降1.8%,但水分利用效率提高11.0%,灌溉水利用效率提高22.7%.综合考虑产量、水分利用效率两个指标,确定试验区春玉米交替地下滴灌的适宜灌溉定额为1600.4～3357.1 m³·hm^-2.

关键词: 春玉米, 耗水特性, 交替地下滴灌, 产量, 水分利用效率

Abstract: The experiment was conducted using automatic rain shelter to study the effect of precisely controlled water quota of alternate subsurface drip irrigation (ASDI) on spring maize yield and water use efficiency (WUE). The results showed that jointing to heading stage and heading to hilling stage were the key stages of water requirement for spring maize under ASDI. In particular, both the water consumption percentage and diurnal water consumption in these two stages were higher than in other stages and were more sensitive to water deficit stress. The water demand in these two stages should be prioritized if irrigation was limited. Maize yield generally increased with the increasing irrigation quota. When the irrigation quota below 2764.5 m³·hm^-2, the yield increased rapidly with the increasing irrigation quota. The yield increase then slowed down after the irrigation quota reached 2764.5 m³·hm^-2. The maximum of maize yield of 12109.0 kg·hm^-2 was obtained at the irrigation quota of 3357.1 m³·hm^-2. Compared to fixed subsurface drip irrigation (FSDI), under the same irrigation quota, the yield, WUE and irrigation water use efficiency (IWUE) of spring maize in ASDI treatment were improved by 5.4%, 1.4% and 5.6%, respectively. Compared to FSDI, the maize yield in ASDI decreased by 1.8%, but its WUE and IWUE increased by 11.0% and 22.7% when the irrigation quota decreased by 20%. The optimal irrigation quota of ASDI for spring maize in the study area was1600.4-3357.1 m³·hm^-2 by taking into account of yield and WUE.

Key words: alternate subsurface drip irrigation, water consumption characteristics, water use efficiency., spring maize, yield

黄鹏飞, 尹光华, 谷健, 刘作新, 郭金路. 交替地下滴灌对春玉米产量和水分利用效率的影响[J]. 应用生态学报, 2016, 27(8): 2507-2512.

HUANG Peng-fei, YIN Guang-hua, GU Jian, LIU Zuo-xin, GUO Jin-lu. Effects of alternate subsurface drip irrigation on yield and water use efficiency of spring maize.[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2016, 27(8): 2507-2512.

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