吉林磨盘山次生落叶阔叶林群落特征和稳定性分析

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.201807.006

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 东北地区的次生落叶阔叶林一般是由阔叶红松林干扰后形成的,这一群落类型在长白山林区具有广泛的分布.为了解东北次生落叶阔叶林的组成、结构与稳定程度,按照CTFS样地建设标准,于2005年在吉林磨盘山建立了一块5.76 hm² (240 m×240 m)的长期监测样地.本研究以样地内所有胸径(DBH)≥1 cm的木本植物为对象,分析了物种组成、径级结构、主要树种的存活曲线及群落稳定性.结果表明: DBH≥1 cm的木本植物共有39种13368株,隶属于19科31属.重要值≥1的物种有12种,群落树种组成复杂,表现出明显的阔叶混交杂木林特征.种间多度相差较大,稀有种和偶见种的比例分别为23.1%和43.6%.样地内所有个体的径级分布呈倒“J”型,表示群落的生长状态稳定、正常.6个主要树种中花曲柳、蒙古栎、色木槭和怀槐径级结构也呈倒“J”型,胡桃楸近于正态分布,春榆为“L”型分布.结合6个主要树种的存活曲线发现,花曲柳、蒙古栎、色木槭和怀槐为稳定种群,胡桃楸为衰退种群,春榆为增长种群.利用改进M-Godron法对群落的稳定性分析表明,该群落目前处于相对稳定状态.

关键词: 物种组成, 存活曲线, 径级结构, 群落稳定性, 次生落叶阔叶林

Abstract: The secondary deciduous broad-leaved forests in northeastern China were generally regenerated from the disturbed broad-leaved Korean pine forests, which are widely distributed in Changbai Mountains area. To understand their composition, structure and stability, a 5.76 hm²(240 m × 240 m) forest plot was established in the Mopan Mountains, Jilin Province in 2005, following the standards of the Center for Tropical Forest Science (CTFS). In this study, we analyzed the species composition, size class structure, survival curves of the main tree species and community stability of all woody plants with DBH ≥1 cm. The results showed that a total of 13368 individuals with DBH ≥1 cm were found, belonging to 39 species, 31 genera and 19 families. There were 12 species with importance value ≥1. The species composition was complex, with obvious characteristics of mixed broad-leaved forest. The abundance varied significantly among different species. The rare species and occasional species accounted for 23.1% and 43.6% of the total number of the species, respectively. The size distribution of all individuals showed a reverse “J” shape, which indicated that the community was in a stable and normal growth status. Fraxinus rhynchophylla, Quercus mongolica, Acer mono, and Maackia amurensis out of the six major species fitted reverse “J” form, Juglans manshurica showed an approximately normal distribution, and Ulmus japonica showed a “L” shape distribution. The survival curves of the six major tree species showed that the populations of F. rhynchophylla, Q. mongolica, A. mono, and M. amurensis were stable, J. mandshurica was declining, and U. japonica was growing. Results from the stability analysis of M-Godron indicated that the community was relatively stable at present.

Key words: size class structure, community stability, secondary deciduous broad-leaved forest, survival curve, species composition

陆龙龙, 郭忠玲, 范春楠, 郑金萍. 吉林磨盘山次生落叶阔叶林群落特征和稳定性分析[J]. 应用生态学报, 2018, 29(7): 2079-2087.

LU Long-long, GUO Zhong-ling, FAN Chun-nan, ZHENG Jin-ping. Community characteristics and stability analysis of secondary deciduous broad-leaved forest in Mopan Mountains, Jilin Province, China.[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2018, 29(7): 2079-2087.

参考文献

[1] Loreau M, Naeem S, Inchausti P, et al. Biodiversity and ecosystem functioning: Current knowledge and future challenge. Science, 2001, 294: 804-808
[2] Zhang Z-H (张忠华). Ecological Research on Population and Community Stability in Karst Forest Vegetation. PhD Thesis. Shanghai: East China Normal University, 2010 (in Chinese)
[3] Condit R, Pitman N, Leigh EG, et al. Beta-diversity in tropical forest trees. Science, 2002, 295: 549-562
[4] Hao Z-Q (郝占庆), Li B-H (李步杭), Zhang J (张健), et al. Broad-leaved Korean pine (Pinus korai-ensis) mixed forest plot in Changbaishan (CBS) of China: Community composition and structure. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology (植物生态学报), 2008, 32(2): 238-250 (in Chinese)
[5] Huang H (黄华), Chen Z-F (陈智发), Liu D-T (刘德团), et al. Species composition and community structure of the Yulongxueshan forest dynamics plot in the cold temperate spruce-fir forest, Southwest China. Biodiversity Science (生物多样性), 2017, 25(3): 255-264 (in Chinese)
[6] Hooper ER, LeGendre P, Condit R. Factors affecting community composition of forest regeneration in deforested, abandoned land in Panama. Ecology, 2004, 85: 3313-3326
[7] Ding H (丁晖), Yang Y-F (杨云方), Xu H-G (徐海根), et al. Species composition and community structure of the typical evergreen broad-leaved forest in the Wuyi Mountains of Southeastern China. Acta Ecologica Sinica (生态学报), 2015, 35(4): 1142-1154 (in Chinese)
[8] Ma K-P (马克平). Biodiversity monitoring in China: From CForBio to Sino BON. Biodiversity Science (生物多样性), 2015, 23(1): 1-2 (in Chinese)
[9] Mi X-C (米湘成), Guo J (郭静), Hao Z-Q (郝占庆), et al. Chinese forest biodiversity monitoring: Scientific foundations and strategic planning. Biodiversity Science (生物多样性), 2016, 24(11): 1203-1219 (in Chinese)
[10] Hao ZQ, Zhang J, Song B, et al. Vertical structure and spatial associations of dominant tree species in an old-growth temperate forest. Forest Ecology and Management, 2007, 252: 1-11
[11] Guo Y, Lu J, Franklin SB, et al. Spatial distribution of tree species in a species-rich subtropical mountain forest in central China. Canadian Journal of Forest Research, 2013, 43: 826-835
[12] Wang Q, Bao D, Guo Y, et al. Species associations in a species-rich subtropical forest were not well-explained by stochastic geometry of biodiversity. PLoS One, 2014, 9(5): e97300
[13] Lu J, Johnson DJ, Qiao X, et al. Density dependence and habitat preference shape seedling survival in a subtropical forest in central China. Journal of Plant Ecology, 2015, 8: 568-577
[14] Wang XG, Wiegand T, Wolf A, et al. Spatial patterns of tree species richness in two temperate forests. Journal of Ecology, 2011, 99: 1382-1393
[15] Wang Q, Xu Y, Lu Z, et al. Disentangling the effects of topography and space on the distributions of dominant species in a subtropical forest. Chinese Science Bulletin, 2014, 59: 5113-5122
[16] Zhu J-J (朱教君). A review on fundamental studies of secondary forest management. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报), 2002, 13(12): 1689-1694 (in Chinese)
[17] Yu L-Z (于立忠), Liu L-F (刘利芳), Wang X-G (王绪高), et al. Discussion on the protection and restoration technology of secondary forest ecosystems in Northeast China. Chinese Journal of Ecology (生态学杂志), 2017, 36(11): 3243-3248 (in Chinese)
[18] Zhu J-J (朱教君), Liu S-R (刘世荣). Conception of secondary forest and its relation to ecological distur-bance degree. Chinese Journal of Ecology (生态学杂志), 2007, 26(7): 1085-1093 (in Chinese)
[19] Shao F-L (邵芳丽), Yu X-X (余新晓), Song S-M (宋思铭), et al. Spatial structural characteristics of natural Populus davidiana - Betula platyphylla secondary forest. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报), 2011, 22(11): 2792-2798 (in Chinese)
[20] Deng L-P (邓莉萍), Bai X-J (白雪娇), Qin S-J (秦胜金), et al. Spatial distribution and scale effect of species diversity of secondary forests in montane region of eastern Liaoning Province, China. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报), 2016, 27(7): 2197-2204 (in Chinese)
[21] Bao Y (包也), Yu D-P (于大炮), Zhou L (周莉), et al. Influence of selection cutting on sustainable timber production of a broadleaved Korean pine (Pinus koraiensis) forest on Changbai Mountain. Acta Ecologica Sinica (生态学报), 2015, 35(1): 31-37 (in Chinese)
[22] Peng S-L (彭少麟). The Measurement of the stability and the developments of forest communities: Analysis on age structure. Guihaia (广西植物), 1987, 7(1): 67-72 (in Chinese)
[23] Han L (韩路), Wang J-Q (王家强), Wang H-Z (王海珍), et al. The population structure and dyna-mics of Populus euphratica at the upper reaches of the Tarim River. Acta Ecologica Sinica (生态学报), 2014, 34(16): 4640-4651 (in Chinese)
[24] Wang L-H (王立海), Meng C (孟春). Landscape diversity and stability of Korean pine broad-leaved forest in Xiaoxing’anling forest region. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报), 2005, 16(12): 2267-2270 (in Chinese)
[25] Zheng Y-R (郑元润). Comparison of methods for stu-dying stability of forest community. Scientia Silvae Sinicae (林业科学), 2000, 36(5): 28-32 (in Chinese)
[26] Yu X-W (于晓文), Song X-S (宋小帅), Kang F-F (康峰峰), et al. Evaluation on the stability of typical forest communities in source region of Liaohe River in North Hebei. Journal of Arid Land Resources and Environment (干旱区资源与环境), 2015, 29(5): 93-98 (in Chinese)
[27] Tang Z-Y (唐志尧), Qiao X-J (乔秀娟), Fang J-Y (方精云). Species-area relationship in biological communities. Biodiversity Science (生物多样性), 2009, 17(6): 549-559 (in Chinese)
[28] Leak WB. Age distribution in virgin red spruce and northern hardwords. Ecology, 1975, 56: 1451-1454
[29] Archibald EEA. The specific character of plant communities. Ⅱ. A quantitative approach. Journal of Ecology, 1949, 37: 274-288
[30] Hubbell SP, Foster RB. Commonness and rarity in a neotropical forest: Implications for tropical tree conservation// Soule ME, ed. Conservation Biology: Science of Scarcity and Diversity. Sunderland: Sinauer Press, 1986: 205-231
[31] Chen B-B (陈贝贝), Zhao X-H (赵秀海), Ni R-Q (倪瑞强), et al. Composition and spatial pattern of tree seedlings in Korean pine broadleaved forest in Changbai Mountains. Journal of Northeast Forestry University (东北林业大学学报), 2012, 40(10): 39-42 (in Chinese)
[32] Hao Z-Q (郝占庆), Zhang J (张健), Li B-H (李步杭), et al. Natural secondary poplar-birch forest in Changbai Mountain: Species composition and commu-nity structure. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology (植物生态学报), 2008, 32(2): 251-261 (in Chinese)
[33] Hao M-H (郝珉辉), Zhang Z-H (张忠辉), Zhao S-S (赵珊珊), et al. Spatial autocorrelation patterns of tree growth in a coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest in Jiaohe of Jilin Province. Acta Ecologica Sinica (生态学报), 2017, 37(10): 3437-3444 (in Chinese)
[34] Ding H (丁晖), Fang Y-M (方炎明), Yang X-H (杨新虎), et al. Community characteristics of a subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest in Huangshan, Anhui Province, East China. Biodiversity Science (生物多样性), 2016, 24(8): 875-887 (in Chinese)
[35] Xu H (许涵), Li Y-D (李意德), Lin M-X (林明献), et al. Community characteristics of 60 ha dyna-mics plot in the tropical montane rain forest in Jian-fengling, Hainan Island. Biodiversity Science (生物多样性), 2015, 23(2): 192-201 (in Chinese)
[36] Anderson-Teixeira KJ, Davies SJ, Bennett AC, et al. CTFS-ForestGEO: A worldwide network monitoring forests in an era of global change. Global Change Biology, 2015, 21: 528-549
[37] State Forestry Administration of the People’s Republic of China (中华人民共和国国家林业局). Observation Methodology for Long-term Forest Ecosystem Research (LY/T1952-2011) [EB/OL]. (2011-07-01) [2018-02-02]. http://www.forestry.gov.cn/portal/main/govfile/13/govfile_1847.htm (in Chinese)
[38] Zheng C-C (郑超超), Yi L-T (伊力塔), Yu S-Q (余树全), et al. Biodiversity and stability of ecological service forest of Jiangshan City in Zhejiang Province. Journal of Northeast Forestry University (东北林业大学学报), 2013, 41(11): 31-35 (in Chinese)
[39] An L-J (安丽娟), Zhu Z-H (朱志红), Wang X-A (王孝安), et al. Stability analysis of major communities in Malan forest region of Ziwuling Mountain. Acta Botanica Boreali-Occidentalia Sinica (西北植物学报), 2007, 27(5): 859-863 (in Chinese)
[40] Wang J-S (王金山), Halik U, Cyffka B, et al. Study on DBH-structure of Populus euphratica and their spatial distribution in the lower reaches of the Tarim River. Chinese Bulletin of Botany (植物学通报), 2008, 25(6): 728-733 (in Chinese)
[41] Ma W-L (马万里), Luo J-C (罗菊春), Jing T (荆涛), et al. Study on dynamics of Juglans mandshurica population from Changbai Mountain. Bulletin of Botanical Research (植物研究), 2008, 27(2): 249-253 (in Chinese)
[42] Dang C-L (党承林), Wang C-Y (王崇云), Wang B-R (王宝荣), et al. Succession and stability in plant community. Chinese Journal of Ecology (生态学杂志), 2002, 21(2): 30-35 (in Chinese)
[43] Gao R-M (高润梅), Shi X-D (石晓东), Guo Y-D (郭跃东). Community stability evaluation of riparian forest of the upper reaches of Wenyuhe in Shanxi, China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology (植物生态学报), 2012, 36(6): 491-503 (in Chinese)
[44] Bai Y, Han X, Wu J, et al. Ecosystem stability and compensatory effects in the Inner Mongolia grassland. Nature, 2004, 431: 181-184
[45] Zhang M-T (张梦弢), Zhang Q (张青), Kang X-G (亢新刚), et al. Community stability for spruce-fir forest at different succession stages in Changbai Mountains, Northeast China. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology (应用生态学报), 2015, 26(6): 1609-1616 (in Chinese)