吉林磨盘山次生落叶阔叶林群落特征和稳定性分析

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.201807.006

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 东北地区的次生落叶阔叶林一般是由阔叶红松林干扰后形成的,这一群落类型在长白山林区具有广泛的分布.为了解东北次生落叶阔叶林的组成、结构与稳定程度,按照CTFS样地建设标准,于2005年在吉林磨盘山建立了一块5.76 hm² (240 m×240 m)的长期监测样地.本研究以样地内所有胸径(DBH)≥1 cm的木本植物为对象,分析了物种组成、径级结构、主要树种的存活曲线及群落稳定性.结果表明: DBH≥1 cm的木本植物共有39种13368株,隶属于19科31属.重要值≥1的物种有12种,群落树种组成复杂,表现出明显的阔叶混交杂木林特征.种间多度相差较大,稀有种和偶见种的比例分别为23.1%和43.6%.样地内所有个体的径级分布呈倒“J”型,表示群落的生长状态稳定、正常.6个主要树种中花曲柳、蒙古栎、色木槭和怀槐径级结构也呈倒“J”型,胡桃楸近于正态分布,春榆为“L”型分布.结合6个主要树种的存活曲线发现,花曲柳、蒙古栎、色木槭和怀槐为稳定种群,胡桃楸为衰退种群,春榆为增长种群.利用改进M-Godron法对群落的稳定性分析表明,该群落目前处于相对稳定状态.

关键词: 物种组成, 存活曲线, 径级结构, 群落稳定性, 次生落叶阔叶林

Abstract: The secondary deciduous broad-leaved forests in northeastern China were generally regenerated from the disturbed broad-leaved Korean pine forests, which are widely distributed in Changbai Mountains area. To understand their composition, structure and stability, a 5.76 hm²(240 m × 240 m) forest plot was established in the Mopan Mountains, Jilin Province in 2005, following the standards of the Center for Tropical Forest Science (CTFS). In this study, we analyzed the species composition, size class structure, survival curves of the main tree species and community stability of all woody plants with DBH ≥1 cm. The results showed that a total of 13368 individuals with DBH ≥1 cm were found, belonging to 39 species, 31 genera and 19 families. There were 12 species with importance value ≥1. The species composition was complex, with obvious characteristics of mixed broad-leaved forest. The abundance varied significantly among different species. The rare species and occasional species accounted for 23.1% and 43.6% of the total number of the species, respectively. The size distribution of all individuals showed a reverse “J” shape, which indicated that the community was in a stable and normal growth status. Fraxinus rhynchophylla, Quercus mongolica, Acer mono, and Maackia amurensis out of the six major species fitted reverse “J” form, Juglans manshurica showed an approximately normal distribution, and Ulmus japonica showed a “L” shape distribution. The survival curves of the six major tree species showed that the populations of F. rhynchophylla, Q. mongolica, A. mono, and M. amurensis were stable, J. mandshurica was declining, and U. japonica was growing. Results from the stability analysis of M-Godron indicated that the community was relatively stable at present.

Key words: size class structure, community stability, secondary deciduous broad-leaved forest, survival curve, species composition

陆龙龙, 郭忠玲, 范春楠, 郑金萍. 吉林磨盘山次生落叶阔叶林群落特征和稳定性分析[J]. 应用生态学报, 2018, 29(7): 2079-2087.

LU Long-long, GUO Zhong-ling, FAN Chun-nan, ZHENG Jin-ping. Community characteristics and stability analysis of secondary deciduous broad-leaved forest in Mopan Mountains, Jilin Province, China.[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2018, 29(7): 2079-2087.

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