秦岭中段不同坡向锐齿栎种子雨、土壤种子库与幼苗更新

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.201906.004

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 以秦岭中段不同坡向(阳坡、半阳坡、半阴坡及阴坡)锐齿栎天然林为对象,对锐齿栎种子雨、种子库的数量、质量动态以及幼苗发育过程进行研究.结果表明: 锐齿栎种子雨一般从8月中旬开始,9月中下旬到10月上旬达到高峰期,11月中上旬结束;不同坡向的种子雨降落历程、发生时间和组成不同;半阳坡种子雨强度最大,为134.13粒·m^-2,其余大小依次为阳坡、半阴坡、阴坡;阳坡种子雨降落时间最早、持续时间最长,高峰期持续时间也最长,阴坡种子雨降落时间最晚、持续时间最短,高峰期持续时间也最短;种子活力及成熟种子占其种子雨的比例大小顺序为半阳坡>阳坡>半阴坡>阴坡.从种子雨降落结束到翌年8月,各坡向土壤种子库总储量大小顺序均为半阳坡>阳坡>半阴坡>阴坡;各坡向的土壤种子库中成熟、未成熟、被啃食种子数量和种子活力均随时间变化呈递减趋势,而霉烂种子数量增加;各坡向土壤种子库中的种子均主要集中在枯落物层,其次为0~2 cm土层,而在2~5 cm土层中只有极少量种子存在.4种坡向中锐齿栎幼苗的密度差异显著,半阳坡幼苗最多,其余依次是阳坡、半阴坡和阴坡.半阳坡更适合锐齿栎种子的萌发和幼苗生长.

关键词: 锐齿栎, 半阴坡, 阳坡, 半阳坡, 种子雨, 土壤种子库, 阴坡

Abstract: We studied the seed rain, seed pool quantity and quality dynamics, and seedling develop-ment of natural Quercus aliena var. acureserrata forests in different slopes (sunny, semi-sunny, semi-shady and shady slope) of the middle Qinling Mountains, China. The results showed that seed rain of Q. aliena var. acureserrata generally began at mid-August, peaked from mid-late September to early October, and ended in mid-early November. The dissemination process, occurrence time, and composition of seed rain in four slopes were different. The seed rain intensity of the semi-sunny slope was the highest, which was 134.13 seeds·m^-2, followed by sunny slope, semi-shady slope, and shady slope. The seed rain on the sunny slope occurred first, and the duration of the whole and peak period were the longest. The seed rain on the shady slope occurred at the latest, and the duration of the whole and peak period were the shortest. The seed viability and mature seeds proportion were semi-sunny slope > sunny slope > semi-shady slope > shady slope. From the end of the seed rain to the August of the next year, the size of soil seed bank was semi-sunny slope > sunny slope > semi-shady slope > shady slope. The number of mature, immature and nibbled seeds and seed vigor of soil seed bank showed a decreasing trend with time, while the number of moldy seeds increased. The seeds in soil seed bank mainly existed in the litter layer, followed by the 0-2 cm soil layer, with few seeds in the 2-5 cm soil layer. The seedling density of Q. aliena var. acureserrata was significantly different among the four slopes. The semi-sunny slope, with the highest seedling density, was more suitable for seed germination and seedling growth of Q. aliena var. acureserrata than other slopes.

Key words: Quercus aliena var. acureserrata, semi-shady slope, sunny slope, semi-sunny slope, seed rain, soil seed bank., shady slope

卢彦磊, 张文辉, 杨斌, 王亚楠. 秦岭中段不同坡向锐齿栎种子雨、土壤种子库与幼苗更新[J]. 应用生态学报, 2019, 30(6): 1965-1973.

LU Yan-lei, ZHANG Wen-hui, YANG Bin, WANG Ya-nan. Seed rain, soil seed bank and seedling regeneration of Quercus aliena var. acureserrata in different slope directions on the middle Qinling Mountains, China[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2019, 30(6): 1965-1973.

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