退化天坑倒石堆阴坡植物群落垂直分布特征——以云南沾益深陷塘为例

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202005.004

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 以深陷塘退化天坑倒石堆阴坡乔灌层植物群落为对象,研究倒石堆不同坡位的物种多样性变化特征及其主要影响因子。结果表明: 深陷塘南侧乔木层物种有13科17属21种,灌木层物种有14科20属20种,群落属于亚热带湿润针阔混交林类型;微气候环境使坑口与坑坡植被差异明显,倒石堆上的二次崩塌使中坡位能够涵养更多的水分,为需水性植物提供了优质的生态位。各α多样性指数均在坑底边缘坡位达到最大值,Margalef丰富度指数、Shannon指数、Simpson指数、Pielou均匀度指数分别为3.58、2.47、0.79、0.86,但整体上差异较小,变异系数最高仅为0.226;β多样性指数波动较大,沿坑口、坑坡和坑底边缘间,Routledge指数、Whilson-Shmida指数均呈现减小-增大-减小趋势,其最大值分别为15.95、1.20,物种更替率总体呈上升趋势,共有种的数量逐渐减少。土壤是各坡位间差异最主要的影响因子,各坡位上植物多样性主要与土壤全氮、全磷、有效磷、有机碳含量有关。

关键词: 天坑, 倒石堆, 植物群落, 物种多样性

Abstract: We investigated the characteristics of plant species diversity in tree and shurb layers and the main influencing factors in different slope positions of a shady slope of degraded tiankeng talus. The results showed that there were 21 species in 17 genera and 13 families in the tree layer, and 20 species in 20 genera and 14 families in shrub layer in the south side of the Shenxiantang. Plant communities were subtropical moist coniferous and broad-leaved mixed forest. Micro-climate led to obvious vegetation variation between the pit and the pit slope at the tiankeng. The secondary collapse over the talus with mid-slope could conserve more water, which supported the water-demanding species in a high-quality niche. All the α diversity indices including Margalef (3.58), Shannon (2.47), Simpson (0.79) and Pielou (0.86) reached the maximum at the pit bottom edge with slight variability, and the maximum coefficient of variation was only 0.226. The β diversity index fluctuated greatly among the pit-pit, slope-pit, bottom edge. The Routledge and Whilson-Shmida indices showed the trends of decrease-increase-decrease, with the maximum values of 15.95 and 1.20, respectively. Species turnover demonstrated the upward trend overall, and the number of co-species was decreased. Plant diversity on each slope position was mainly related to the contents of total nitrogen, total phosphorus, available phosphorus and organic carbon in soil. Soil was the most important factor leading to the difference among slope positions.

Key words: tiankeng, talus, plant community, species diversity

朱粟锋, 江聪, 税伟, 郭平平, 张永永, 冯洁, 高宸, 鲍玉珍. 退化天坑倒石堆阴坡植物群落垂直分布特征——以云南沾益深陷塘为例[J]. 应用生态学报, 2020, 31(5): 1496-1504.

ZHU Su-feng, JIANG Cong, SHUI Wei, GUO Ping-ping, ZHANG Yong-yong, FENG Jie, GAO Chen, BAO Yu-zhen. Vertical distribution characteristics of plant community in shady slope of degraded tiankeng talus: A case study of Zhanyi Shenxiantang in Yunnan, China[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2020, 31(5): 1496-1504.

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