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应用生态学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (8): 2153-2160.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202208.015

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

不同母质温带草地植物群落多样性对人为干扰的响应

侯星辰1,2, 鲁绍伟1,2, 向昌林3, 李少宁1,2, 赵娜2, 徐晓天2*   

  1. 1北京农学院园林学院, 北京 102206;
    2北京市农林科学院林业果树研究所, 北京燕山森林生态系统定位观测研究站, 北京 100093;
    3赛罕乌拉国家级自然保护区管理局, 内蒙古赤峰 025150
  • 收稿日期:2022-01-06 接受日期:2022-04-25 出版日期:2022-08-15 发布日期:2023-02-15
  • 通讯作者: * E-mail: arthurpku@163.com
  • 作者简介:侯星辰, 1997年生, 硕士研究生。主要从事草地退化研究。E-mail: hxc41301007@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    北京市自然科学基金资助项目(5202028)和北京市农林科学院创新能力建设资助项目(KJCX20210409,KJCX20220302)资助。

Responses of plant community diversity to human disturbance in temperate grassland with different soil parent materials

HOU Xing-chen1,2, LU Shao-wei1,2, XIANG Chang-lin3, LI Shao-ning1,2, ZHAO Na2, XU Xiao-tian2*   

  1. 1College of Landscape Architecture, Beijing Agricultural College, Beijing 102206, China;
    2Beijing Yanshan Forest Ecosystem Positioning Observation and Research Station, Institute of Forestry and Pomology, Beijing Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Beijing 100093, China;
    3Saihan Ula National Nature Reserve Admi-nistration, Chifeng 025150, Mongolia, China
  • Received:2022-01-06 Accepted:2022-04-25 Online:2022-08-15 Published:2023-02-15

摘要: 本研究以赛罕乌拉保护区2种不同土壤母质(黄土和沙母质)与3种利用方式(围栏打草、季节性放牧和自由放牧)草地为对象,基于群落组成调查数据,计算人为干扰指数与物种多样性指数,研究草地植物群落物种多样性与草地退化程度间的关系。结果表明: 土壤母质与人为利用方式的差异使草地处于不同的退化状态,黄土与沙母质类型草地退化程度均随人为利用强度的增加而上升,且当人为利用方式相同时,黄土母质草地人为干扰指数(均值1.21)比沙母质草地(均值1.48)低。各样地物种多样性指数总体随土壤母质的砂质化和人为利用强度的增加而下降,其中Margalef丰富度指数为1.57~4.27,Shannon多样性指数为1.16~2.39,Simpson优势度指数为0.76~0.87,Pielou均匀度指数为0.71~0.80。随着人为干扰指数增加,丰富度指数、多样性指数和优势度指数均下降,而均匀度指数有上升趋势。过度放牧对2种土壤母质草地均会造成严重威胁,黄土与沙母质草地最适宜的利用方式分别为围封打草和季节性放牧。在今后生物多样性保护的实施过程中,需兼顾草地不同土壤母质与人为利用方式的影响,针对不同土壤母质条件规划不同的草地利用方式,实现因地制宜的草地恢复与管理。

关键词: 赛罕乌拉自然保护区, 物种多样性, 人为干扰, 草地退化, 温带草地

Abstract: Based on community investigation data from grasslands on two different soil parent material types (loess and sand parent materials) and under three human utilization modes in the Saihan Ullah Reserve, we calculated human disturbance index (HDI) and biodiversity indices and analyzed the interactions between species diversity and degradation levels. The results showed that degradation status varied across different soil parent material types and human utilization modes, and that degradation levels of loess and sand parent materials both increased with the enhancement of human utilization intensification. HDI of loess parent material grasslands (mean value of 1.21) was lower than sand parent material grasslands (mean value of 1.48) in the same human utilization. Biodiversity indices declined with soil sandy degree and the utilization intensification. The mean values of Margarlef richness index, Shannon diversity index, Simpson dominance index and Pielou evenness index were between 1.57-4.27, 1.16-2.39, 0.76-0.87, and 0.71-0.80, respectively. The Margalef richness index, Shannon diversity index and Simpson dominance index decreased with increasing HDI, while Pielou evenness index increased. Overgrazing could lead to serious threat on both grasslands with soil parent material types, and the optimum utilization mode of loess and sand parent material grasslands were enclosure with mowing and seasonal grazing. In the future works of biodiversity conservation, it is important to consider the influence of both different soil patent material and human utilization modes of grassland. It is urgent to develop different utilization modes for grassland under different soil parent material types, which would enhance the matchness of grassland restoration and management with local conditions.

Key words: Saihan Ullah Nature Reserve, species diversity, human disturbance, grassland degradation, temperate grassland