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应用生态学报 ›› 2020, Vol. 31 ›› Issue (9): 3060-3066.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202009.021

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不同施肥管理措施对农田土壤中植物和微生物残留组分的影响

霍海南1,2, 李杰1, 张效琛1,2, 朱平3, 王立春3, 石元亮1, 何红波1*, 张旭东1   

  1. 1中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所, 沈阳 110016;
    2中国科学院大学, 北京 100049;
    3吉林省农业科学院, 长春 130033
  • 收稿日期:2020-02-17 接受日期:2020-06-16 出版日期:2020-09-15 发布日期:2021-03-15
  • 通讯作者: * E-mail: hehongbo@iae.ac.cn
  • 作者简介:霍海南, 男, 1994年生, 硕士研究生。主要从事农田土壤氮素转化过程研究。E-mail: 244332304@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2017YFD0200100,2016YFD0200307,2017YFD0200708,2017YFD0800604,2018YFD0200200)和国家自然科学基金项目(41630862,41977025,41807107)资助

Effects of different fertilization managements on microbial necromass and plant lignin accumulation in a Mollisol

HUO Hai-nan1,2, LI Jie1, ZHANG Xiao-chen1,2, ZHU Ping3, WANG Li-chun3, SHI Yuan-liang1, HE Hong-bo1*, ZHANG Xu-dong1   

  1. 1Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China;
    2University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049;
    3Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Changchun 130033, China
  • Received:2020-02-17 Accepted:2020-06-16 Online:2020-09-15 Published:2021-03-15
  • Contact: * E-mail: hehongbo@iae.ac.cn
  • Supported by:
    the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2017YFD0200100, 2016YFD0200307, 2017YFD0200708, 2017YFD0800604, 2018YFD0200200) and the National Natural Science Foundation of China (41630862, 41977025, 41807107).

摘要: 在农田生态系统中,施肥是维持和提高土壤有机碳(SOC)水平的重要管理措施。微生物代谢和植物组分存留共同控制着有机碳的截获过程。本研究利用肥料与肥力长期(30年)定位试验,以氨基糖和木质素分别作为微生物和植物残留组分标识物,探讨长期不同施肥处理对黑土农田中微生物和植物残体组分积累及有机碳库的影响。结果表明: 与未施肥处理相比,施用无机肥(单施氮肥或有机无机肥配施)可增加作物生物量和土壤氨基糖的积累,但对木质素和SOC含量无显著影响,说明无机肥施入刺激了微生物底物同化,加速了有机碳和木质素在耕层的周转。与无机肥相比,长期施用有机肥促进了SOC的累积(增幅38.3%),但是氨基糖在土壤有机碳中所占的比例并未发生显著变化,说明微生物残留物对SOC积累的贡献具有饱和性;而有机肥施入增加了木质素在SOC中的比例,即增加了植物残体对SOC长期积累的贡献。与单施有机肥相比,有机无机肥配施增加了微生物残留物对SOC的积累。因此,长期施肥可以调节微生物残留物和植物残留组分的不同积累过程,从而影响SOC的积累和稳定机制。

关键词: 长期施肥, 土壤有机碳, 木质素, 氨基糖

Abstract: Fertilization is an effective management to maintain and increase soil organic carbon (SOC) level in agroecosystems. Both microbial metabolism and plant component retention control SOC sequestration. Here, we used amino sugars and lignin as biomarkers to investigate the responses of distribution of microbial necromass and plant debris in a long-term cultivated soil (30 years) and SOC accumulation to different fertilization regime. The results showed that, compared with unfertilized treatment, inorganic fertilizer application (N fertilizer-only or the combination of organic or inorganic fertilizers) increased crop production and soil amino sugar accumulation, but did not affect the concentrations of lignin and SOC, indicating that inorganic fertilizer stimulated the assimilation of microbial substrate and accelerated the turnover of SOC and lignin in the plough layer. Compared with inorganic fertilizer treatment, long-term organic fertilizer application promoted SOC accumulation (38.3%), but did not affect amino sugar concentration in SOC, which indicated that soil could reach a ‘saturation’ state with respect to microbial residue accumulation. In contrast, the application of organic fertilizer increased the proportion of lignin in SOC,indicating that the contribution of plant residues to SOC persistence was enhanced. Compared with the manure-only treatment, organic-inorganic combined application mainly increased the contribution of amino sugar to SOC accumulation. Our findings indicated that long-term fertilization could affect SOC dynamics through modulating the accumulation processes of microbial necromass and plant debris.

Key words: long-term fertilization, soil organic carbon, lignin, amino sugar