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应用生态学报 ›› 2021, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (4): 1307-1316.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202104.019

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

休闲期深翻和探墒沟播对旱地小麦水氮资源利用的影响

赵杰, 林文, 孙敏*, 任爱霞, 仝锦, 李浩, 王鑫炜, 高志强   

  1. 山西农业大学农学院, 山西晋中 030801
  • 收稿日期:2020-11-17 接受日期:2021-02-02 发布日期:2021-10-25
  • 通讯作者: *E-mail: sm_sunmin@126.com
  • 作者简介:赵 杰, 男, 1995年生, 硕士研究生。主要从事旱作栽培与作物生理研究。E-mail: 842237878@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(CARS-03-01-24)、国家自然科学基金项目(31771727)、三晋学者支持计划专项、山西省“1331工程”重点创新团队建设计划项目、作物生态与旱作栽培生理山西省重点实验室项目(201705D111007)和小麦旱作栽培山西省重点创新团队项目(201605D131041)资助

Effects of deep ploughing during the fallow period and soil moisture-based furrow sowing on water and nitrogen utilization of dryland wheat.

ZHAO Jie, LIN Wen, SUN Min*, REN Ai-xia, TONG Jin, LI Hao, WANG Xin-wei, GAO Zhi-qiang   

  1. College of Agriculture, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, Shanxi, China
  • Received:2020-11-17 Accepted:2021-02-02 Published:2021-10-25
  • Contact: *E-mail: sm_sunmin@126.com
  • Supported by:
    Modern Agriculture Industry Technology System Construction Project (CARS-03-01-24), The National Natural Science Foundation of China (31771727), Sanjin Scholar Support Special Fund, the Key Innovation Cultivation Team of “1331 Project” in Shanxi Province, Project of Key Laboratory of Crop Ecology and Dry Cultivation Physiology of Shanxi Province (201705D111007) and the Key Innovation Team Project of Wheat Dry Cultivation in Shanxi Province (201605D131041).

摘要: 为明确旱地麦田休闲期深翻和探墒沟播对农田水氮资源利用的影响,于2016—2018年在山西省闻喜县开展田间试验。试验采用二因素裂区设计,主区为休闲期深翻和免耕,副区为探墒沟播和常规条播。结果表明:与免耕处理相比,休闲期深翻处理显著提高了土壤蓄水效率(增幅38.3%~42.2%)、土壤耗水量(增幅9.2%~13.2%)和植株各生育时期氮素积累量,从而使产量显著提高7.1%~12.0%、周年水分利用效率提高5.5%~14.0%、氮肥吸收效率提高4.4%~10.3%、氮肥偏生产力提高7.1%~12.0%。与常规条播处理相比,探墒沟播处理显著提高了生育期总耗水量(增幅2.0%~4.8%)和植株各生育时期氮素积累量,从而使产量显著提高6.8%~12.4%、生育期水分利用效率提高4.5%~7.2%、氮肥吸收效率提高4.4%~10.3%、氮肥偏生产力提高6.9%~12.4%。总之,旱地小麦休闲期深翻配套探墒沟播有利于蓄存和利用自然降水,提高植株氮素积累量,进而实现小麦高产。

关键词: 旱地小麦, 深翻, 探墒沟播, 产量, 水肥利用效率

Abstract: To understand the effects of deep ploughing during the fallow period and soil moisture-based furrow sowing on the utilization of water and nitrogen in dryland wheat, a field experiment following split-plot design was carried out from 2016 to 2018 in Wenxi County of Shanxi Province, with deep ploughing during the fallow period and no-tillage as main plots and soil moisture-based furrow sowing and drilling sowing as sub-plots. The results showed that, compared with no-tillage treatment, deep ploughing during the fallow period significantly increased soil water storage efficiency (by 38.3%-42.2%), soil water consumption (by 9.2%-13.2%), and nitrogen accumulation in each growth period, which in turn increased the yield by 7.1%-12.0%, annual water use efficiency by 5.5%-14.0%, nitrogen fertilizer absorption efficiency by 4.4%-10.3%, and nitrogen fertilizer partial productivity by 7.1%-12.0%. Compared with the treatment of drilling sowing, the soil moisture-based furrow sowing increased the total water consumption during the growth period (by 2.0%-4.8%) and nitrogen accumulation in each growth period, increased the yield by 6.8%-12.4%, water use efficiency during the growth period by 4.5%-7.2%, nitrogen absorption efficiency by 4.4%-10.3%, nitrogen partial productivity by 6.9%-12.4%. In conclusion, deep ploughing during the fallow period and soil moisture-based furrow sowing in dryland wheat could promote the storage and utilization of natural precipitation, increase plant nitrogen accumulation, and facilitate high wheat yield.

Key words: dryland wheat, deep ploughing, soil moisture-based furrow sowing, yield, water and fertilizer use efficiency