喀斯特坡面生物结皮发育特征及其对土壤水分入渗的影响

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202108.011

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 作为地表植被恢复的先锋种群和景观的重要组成部分,生物土壤结皮(BSCs)对地表过程具有重要影响。为探明喀斯特地区BSCs发育特征及其对土壤水分入渗的影响,本研究选取喀斯特代表性坡面开展了BSCs实地调查和人工模拟降雨试验,探究了BSCs覆盖土壤的水分入渗过程,试验设计了5个BSCs盖度水平(0、28%、40%、70%、97%)和2个雨强(42和132 mm·h^-1)。结果表明: 在不同土地利用条件下,BSCs发育水平存在显著差异,但在同一土地利用条件下,BSCs发育水平沿坡面的空间变化规律不明显。与裸地相比,地表发育BSCs可使地表粗糙度增大,显著延长初始产流时间,促进土壤水分入渗。在小雨(42 mm·h^-1)和强降雨(132 mm·h^-1)下,BSCs覆盖小区初渗速率分别为裸地小区的1.7～1.9和1.2～1.9倍,平均入渗速率分别为裸地小区的2.5～3.0和1.4～3.3倍。在试验雨强下,BSCs盖度与初始产流时间均呈显著正相关,BSCs促进水分入渗的临界盖度为65%～70%,在强降雨条件下,BSCs对地表径流的阻滞作用有所削弱。Horton模型对喀斯特坡面BSCs覆盖下土壤水分入渗过程模拟结果最优,其次为Kostiakov模型和Philip模型。综上,喀斯特坡面BSCs发育的空间变异程度高,对水分入渗过程影响显著。

关键词: 喀斯特, 生物土壤结皮, 发育, 土壤水分入渗, 入渗模型

Abstract: Biological soil crusts (BSCs), as a pioneer for vegetation restoration and crucial component of surface landscape, greatly affect land surface process. To explore the development of BSCs and its effects on soil water infiltration in karst region, we investigated the development of BSCs and analyzed the infiltration processes with different BSCs coverages (0, 28%, 40%, 70%, 97%) and rainfall intensities (42 and 132 mm·h^-1) in simulating rainfall experiments on a typical karst slope. The results showed that there were significant differences in the development of BSCs for different land use types, whereas the spatial variation of BSCs development on the slope was not obvious under the same land use type. Compared to the bare plot, the presence of BSCs significantly increased surface roughness, the initial runoff generation time, and soil water infiltration. In the cases of light (42 mm·h^-1) and intensive (132 mm·h^-1) rainfall, the initial infiltration rate of BSCs covered plots were 1.7-1.9 times and 1.2-1.9 times as that of bare plot, while the average infiltration rate in BSCs covered plots were 2.5-3.0 times and 1.4-3.3 times as that of bare plot, respectively. The BSCs coverage was significantly positively correlated with the initial runoff production time. The critical values of facilitating infiltration of BSCs coverage were between 65% and 70% under the test rainfall intensities. For heavy rainfall events, the inhibiting effects of BSCs on surface runoff were weakened. Horton model was the most reliable one for describing the infiltration process on karst slope with BSCs, followed by Kostiakov model and Philip model. In conclusion, the spatial variability of BSCs development on the karst slope was higher. The presence of BSCs had a significant effect on soil permeability in karst region.

Key words: karst, biological soil crusts, development, soil water infiltration, infiltration model

张思琪, 张科利, 曹梓豪, 朱彤, 魏梦瑶. 喀斯特坡面生物结皮发育特征及其对土壤水分入渗的影响[J]. 应用生态学报, 2021, 32(8): 2875-2885.

ZHANG Si-qi, ZHANG Ke-li, CAO Zi-hao, ZHU Tong, WEI Meng-yao. Developmental characteristics of biological soil crusts and their effects on soil water infiltration on karst slope[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2021, 32(8): 2875-2885.

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