赤水河流域不同地貌区生态系统健康对比

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202307.024

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 赤水河流域是长江上游重要的生态屏障,其生态系统健康对长江流域生态安全及可持续发展具有重要作用。本研究利用RUSLE模型、SWAT模型、Fragstats软件及地理探测器等方法,构建赤水河流域生态系统健康评估理论框架,探讨了生态修复下流域2010—2020年生态系统健康时空演变及驱动因子。结果表明: 2010—2020年间,赤水河流域生态系统服务呈现先降后升趋势,总体呈下降趋势,丹霞地区生态系统服务总体高于喀斯特地区。流域生态系统健康总体处于亚健康状态,其中,丹霞地区处于很健康和健康状态,喀斯特地区则处于亚健康及不健康状态。影响喀斯特/丹霞地貌区生态系统健康的主导驱动因子存在差异。喀斯特区以植被、降水及基岩裸露率为主导驱动因子,丹霞区则以植被、土地利用和降水为主导因子。交互探测后影响因子解释力增强,不同地貌类型区的主导交互因子组合呈现较大差异。其中,喀斯特区以降水∩归一化植被指数、降水∩数字高程模型和降水∩基岩裸露率为主导交互因子组合,丹霞区以归一化植被指数∩降水、归一化植被指数∩土地利用及归一化植被指数∩数字高程模型为主导交互因子组合。研究结果可为赤水河流域生态系统健康维护、治理提供理论参考。

关键词: 生态系统服务, 喀斯特/丹霞地貌, SWAT模型, RUSLE模型, 地理探测器

Abstract: Ecosystem health of the Chishui River Basin (CRB, a crucial ecological barrier in the upper reaches of the Yangtze River) is vital for the ecological security and sustainability of the Yangtze River Basin. We used RUSLE model, SWAT model, Fragstats and geographic detectors to construct a theoretical framework of ecosystem health assessment for CRB, and examined the spatiotemporal variations and driving factors of ecosystem health in CRB under ecological restoration from 2010 to 2020. The results showed that ecosystem service in the CRB decreased and then increased during 2010-2020 and the overall trend was downward. The overall ecosystem service function was higher in the Danxia (non-karst) area than that in the karst area. The ecosystem health was generally subhealthy, with the Danxia area being mostly extremely healthy and healthy, whereas the karst area mostly subhealthy and unhealthy. There were differences in the dominant drivers of ecosystem health between karst and Danxia areas. Vegetation, precipitation, and bedrock bareness rate were the dominant drivers in the karst area, while vegetation, land use, and precipitation were the dominant factors in Danxia area. After interaction detection, the explanatory power of impact factors increased, and the dominant interaction factor combinations in different geomorphological type regions had shown great differences. Among them, precipitation∩normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI), precipitation∩digital elevation model (DEM) and precipitation ∩ bedrock bareness rate were the dominant interaction factor combinations in the karst area, and NDVI∩precipitation, NDVI∩land use and NDVI∩DEM were the dominant interaction factor combinations in Danxia area. These results would provide scientific support for health maintenance and conservation of CRB ecosystem.

Key words: ecosystem service, karst/Danxia landform, SWAT model, RUSLE model, geographical detector

陈红莲, 李瑞, 张玉珊, 吴清林, 袁江, 高家勇. 赤水河流域不同地貌区生态系统健康对比[J]. 应用生态学报, 2023, 34(7): 1912-1922.

CHEN Honglian, LI Rui, ZHANG Yushan, WU Qinglin, YUAN Jiang, GAO Jiayong. Comparison of ecosystem health in different geomorphic regions of Chishui River Basin, Southwest China[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2023, 34(7): 1912-1922.

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