三种肥料运筹模式对湖北西部坡耕地机条播小麦生产的影响

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202111.027

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 针对湖北西部坡耕地小麦生产存在的施肥不科学、籽粒品质不稳、种植效益低下等关键问题,连续2年在丹江口库区坡耕地“玉米-小麦”轮作制度下,研究3种优化种植模式(高氮减钾、中氮减钾、低氮减钾)对小麦产量、品质、效益和肥料利用效率的影响。结果表明:施用化学肥料显著提高了小麦籽粒产量和湿面筋含量。与常规种植模式(CK)相比,3种优化种植模式的钾肥偏生产力和农学利用率显著提高。高氮减钾模式的小麦干物质量、籽粒产量和粗蛋白含量最高,比CK分别增加9.4%、19.4%和7.8%,有利于小麦高产潜力的发挥;中氮减钾模式的小麦湿面筋含量和降落数值最高,分别比CK增加3.9%和9.3%,适用于中筋小麦的高效生产;低氮减钾模式的氮肥偏生产力、氮肥农学利用率、钾肥偏生产力、钾肥农学利用率和净收益最高,分别比CK提高15.7%、134.1%、131.3%、368.2%和37.3%,粗蛋白和湿面筋含量分别比CK降低2.1%和2.6%,适用于弱筋小麦绿色轻简化生产。本研究结果可为坡耕地小麦生产选择适宜的种植模式提供参考。

关键词: 小麦, 种植模式, 坡耕地, 产量, 品质, 种植效益

Abstract: Unscientific fertilization, unstable grain quality, and low profit are the key problems on wheat production in slope cropland of Western Hubei. To solve these problems, three optimized planting patterns (high nitrogen and potassium reduction, HNPR; medium nitrogen and potassium reductionm, MNPR; low nitrogen and potassium reduction, LNPR) were conducted during two consecutive years to assess their effects on wheat yield, quality, profit, and fertilizer use efficiency in Danjiangkou Reservoir area, a typical slope cropland region with wheat-maize rotation. The results showed that the application of chemical fertilizer significantly increased grain yield (GY) and wet gluten content (WGC) of wheat. Compared with the conventional planting pattern (CK), the partial factor productivity (PFP_K) and agricultural fertilizer use efficiency (AFUE_K) of potassium were significantly improved in the three optimized planting patterns. The dry matter amount (DMA), GY, and crude protein content (CPC) were the highest under HNPR, which increased by 9.4%, 19.4%, and 7.8% than CK, respectively. Such a result indicated that HNPR benefited wheat to exploit high yield potential. WGC and falling number (FN) were the highest under MNPR, and increased by 3.9%, and 9.3% than CK, respectively, which was suitable for high-efficiency production of medium-gluten wheat. PFP_N, AFUE_N, PFP_K, AFUE_K, and net profit were the highest under LNPR, which increased by 15.7%, 134.1%, 131.3%, 368.2%, and 37.3% than CK, respectively, while the CPC and WGC were decreased by 2.1% and 2.6% than CK, respectively, suggesting it was suitable for environment-friendly and simplified production of weak-gluten wheat production. Our results could provide a reference for wheat production in the slope cropland.

Key words: wheat, planting pattern, slope cropland, yield, quality, planting profit.

佟汉文,朱展望,刘易科,陈泠,邹娟,张宇庆,杨勇,高春保. 三种肥料运筹模式对湖北西部坡耕地机条播小麦生产的影响[J]. 应用生态学报, 2021, 32(11): 3969-3976.

TONG Han-wen, ZHU Zhan-wang, LIU Yi-ke, CHEN Ling, ZOU Juan, ZHANG Yu-qing, YANG Yong, GAO Chun-bao. Effects of three fertilizer application patterns on wheat sowed by machinery in slope cropland of Western Hubei, China[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2021, 32(11): 3969-3976.

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