新疆长期棉花连作对土壤理化性状与线虫群落的影响

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202112.026

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 土壤线虫群落特征是评价和指示土壤生态系统健康状况的重要依据。本研究选取不同连作年限(5、10、15、20和25年)的棉田为样地,采用高通量测序技术,探究土壤性状和线虫群落对棉田长期连作的响应。结果表明: 棉田连作10～15年后,土壤pH、电导率显著升高,有机碳、全氮、有效磷、有效钾、硝态氮含量和土壤微生物生物量碳(MBC)显著降低。在连作棉田中共鉴定出土壤线虫3纲7目18科25属,其中螺旋属在不同连作年限的棉田土壤中均为优势属;土壤植物寄生类线虫在不同连作年限中均为优势营养类群,呈现先降低后增加的趋势,连作25年较其他连作年限植物寄生类线虫增加9.1%～208.6%,其中螺旋属线虫增加了392%。随着连作年限的增加,矮化属、茎属、Discopersicus、中环属和中轮属等植物寄生类线虫被检出。连作15年的棉田土壤中,土壤线虫丰富度指数和自由生活线虫成熟度指数显著降低,植物寄生线虫成熟度指数/自由生活线虫成熟度指数显著升高,Shannon多样性指数和瓦斯乐斯卡指数最低;有效磷和MBC是影响土壤线虫群落变化的主要环境因子。这说明棉田连作10～15年会发生土壤养分失衡,土壤线虫多样性降低,土壤食物网稳定性变差,棉花致病类植物寄生线虫增加,产生连作障碍。

关键词: 棉花, 连作, 土壤线虫, 营养类群

Abstract: The community characteristics of soil nematodes are an important basis for evaluating and indicating soil health. In this study, cotton fields with different continuous monocropping years (5, 10, 15, 20, and 25 years) were selected. High-throughput sequencing technology was used to explore the responses of soil properties and nematode communities to long-term continuous monocropping in cotton fields. The results showed that after 10-15 years, soil pH and soil conductivity increased significantly, and the contents of soil organic carbon, total nitrogen, available phosphorus (AP), available potassium, nitrate and soil microbial biomass carbon (MBC) decreased significantly. A total of 25 genera, 18 families, 7 orders and 3 classes of soil nematodes were identified. Among them, Helicotylenchus was the dominant genus. Parasitic nematodes were the dominant trophic groups, showing a trend of first decreasing and then increasing. Compared with other continuous monocropping years, plant parasitic nematodes increased by 9.1%-208.6% and Helicotylenchus increased by 392.0% under continuous monocropping for 25 years. With the increases of continuous monocropping duration, plant parasitic nematodes such as Tylenchorhynchus, Ditylenchus, Discopersicus, Mesocriconema, and Criconemoides were detected. After continuous monocropping for 15 years, soil nematode richness index and maturity index of free-living nematodes (MI) decreased significantly, PPI/MI increased significantly, and diversity index (Shannon) and Wasilewska index were the lowest. Soil AP and MBC were the main environmental factors affecting the changes of soil nematode communities. Our results suggested that, after 10-15 years continuous monocropping, soil nutrients were unbalanced, the diversity of soil nematodes was reduced, the stability of soil food network was deteriorated, and the parasitic nematodes were increased, which resulted in continuous monocropping obstacles in cotton.

Key words: cotton, continuous monocropping, soil nematode, trophic group

陈虹, 杨磊, 张凤华. 新疆长期棉花连作对土壤理化性状与线虫群落的影响[J]. 应用生态学报, 2021, 32(12): 4263-4271.

CHEN Hong, YANG Lei, ZHANG Feng-hua. Effects of continuous cotton monocropping on soil physicochemical properties and nematode community in Xinjiang, China[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2021, 32(12): 4263-4271.

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