河北省蒙古栎次生林林下可燃物负荷量及其影响因素

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202308.006

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 调查河北省蒙古栎次生林林下各类可燃物负荷量,分析林分因子、地形因子、地被物因子对可燃物数量与组成的影响,建立可燃物负荷量动态模型并提出管理措施。结果表明: 蒙古栎次生林林下总可燃物负荷量为11.68 t·hm^-2,超过发生森林大火可能性临界值(10 t·hm^-2),其中,林下死可燃物负荷量以腐殖质为主,林下活可燃物负荷量以灌木为主。蒙古栎次生林1 h时滞可燃物负荷量随郁闭度、林分密度、林龄和枯落物厚度的增大而显著增加;10 h时滞可燃物负荷量随林分密度、平均树高和枯落物厚度的增大而显著增加;腐殖质负荷量随海拔升高而显著减小,随腐殖质厚度增大而显著增加;草本植物负荷量随坡向向阳程度和草本植物盖度增大而显著增加;灌木负荷量随坡度、灌木层盖度和腐殖质厚度的增大而显著增加;林下总可燃物负荷量随海拔升高而显著减小,随林分密度、腐殖质厚度和枯落物厚度的增大而显著增加。逐步回归分析表明,林分密度、腐殖质厚度和海拔可以较好地预测(R_adj²=0.775)林下总可燃物的负荷量。建议着重注意河北省蒙古栎次生林林分密度调控以及地表枯落物、腐殖质可燃物的适度清理,可以科学有效地防止森林火灾的发生。

关键词: 可燃物负荷量, 蒙古栎, 环境因子, 可燃物管理

Abstract: We investigated understory fuel loads of Quercus mongolica natural secondary forests in Hebei Province, China. We analyzed the effects of stand factors, topographic factors, and ground cover factors on the quantity and composition of fuel, established the dynamic models of understory fuel loads, and proposed management measures. The results showed that the understory total fuel load in Q. mongolica natural secondary forests was 11.68 t·hm^-2, which exceeded the forest fire potential threshold (10 t·hm^-2). The understory dead fuel load was mainly humus, and the understory living fuel load was mainly shrubs. The 1 h time-lag fuel load increased significantly with increasing canopy density, stand density, stand age, and litter thickness. The 10 h time-lag fuel load increased signi-ficantly with increasing stand density, average tree height, and litter thickness. Humus load decreased significantly with increasing altitude and increased significantly with increasing humus thickness. Herb load increased significantly with increasing sunny slope orientation and herbal coverage. Shrub load increased significantly with increasing slope degree, shrub coverage, and humus thickness. Understory total fuel load decreased significantly with increasing altitude, and increased significantly with increasing stand density, humus thickness, and litter thickness. The results of stepwise regression analysis indicated that stand density, humus thickness, and altitude could better predict the understory total fuel load (R_adj²=0.775). Therefore, more attention should be paid on the control of stand density of Q. mongolica natural secondary forest in Hebei Province. Cleaning of litters and humus on the ground would help prevent forest fires scientifically and effectively.

Key words: fuel load, Quercus mongolica, environmental factor, fuel management.

马云辉, 马长明, 冯淑瑶, 郭延朋, 刘炳响. 河北省蒙古栎次生林林下可燃物负荷量及其影响因素[J]. 应用生态学报, 2023, 34(8): 2082-2090.

MA Yunhui, MA Changming, FENG Shuyao, GUO Yanpeng, LIU Bingxiang. Understory fuel loads and the impact factors of Quercus mongolica natural secondary forest in Hebei Pro-vince, China[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2023, 34(8): 2082-2090.

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