矿区不同类型生态护坡工程植物多样性对环境因子的响应

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202203.004

应用生态学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (3): 742-748.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202203.004

矿区不同类型生态护坡工程植物多样性对环境因子的响应

乔欧盟¹, 陈璋^1,2,3*

¹山西大学黄土高原研究所, 太原 030006;
²黄土高原生态恢复山西省重点实验室, 太原 030006;
³山西省黄河实验室, 太原 030006

收稿日期:2021-05-31 接受日期:2021-08-28 出版日期:2022-03-15 发布日期:2022-09-15
通讯作者: * E-mail: chenzhang@sxu.edu.cn
作者简介:乔欧盟, 女, 1997年生, 硕士研究生。主要从事边坡生态恢复研究。E-mail: 15333063903@163.com
基金资助:
山西省青年基金项目(201901D211133)、国家自然科学基金项目(41501563)和山西省黄河实验室开放基金项目(20210601)资助。

Plant diversity on different types of slope ecological engineering and its responses to environmental factors in mining areas.

QIAO Ou-meng¹, CHEN Zhang^1,2,3*

¹Institute of Loess Plateau, Shanxi University, Taiyuan 030006, China;
²Shanxi Key Laboratory for Ecological Restoration of Loess Plateau, Taiyuan 030006, China;
³Shanxi Laboratory for Yellow River, Taiyuan 030006, China

Received:2021-05-31 Accepted:2021-08-28 Online:2022-03-15 Published:2022-09-15

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 以太原市西山矿区岩质边坡、土质边坡、岩土混合边坡3种类型生态护坡工程为对象,采用典范对应分析(CCA)排序研究不同类型边坡环境因子与物种分布的关系,并分析土壤和地形等环境因子对植物多样性的影响。结果表明: 岩土混合边坡植被组成较为丰富(8科17属19种),以菊科、禾本科、豆科、葡萄科、唇形科、苦木科为主;物种丰富度指数、Shannon指数、Simpson指数和Pielou指数均为岩土混合边坡显著高于土质边坡和岩质边坡。3种类型边坡的人工土壤养分含量均显著高于自然裸地边坡,混合边坡的总氮(1.24 g·kg^-1)、有机质(21.28 g·kg^-1)、速效钾(0.21 g·kg^-1)平均含量均分别高于岩质边坡(1.02、15.56和0.14 g·kg^-1)和土质边坡(0.80、11.65和0.15 g·kg^-1)。植物多样性指数与土壤因子呈显著相关,有机质和土壤含水量是主要的限制因子,且土壤因子对植被恢复的影响大于地形因子。结构方程模型表明,土壤因子对植被恢复的影响是直接的,而地形因子如坡度会通过影响土壤水分和养分等土壤因子来间接影响植被的恢复。

关键词: 护坡工程, 人工土壤, 环境因子

Abstract: With three types of ecological slope protection projects of rock slope, soil slope and rock soil mixed slope (geotechnical slope) in Xishan mining area of Taiyuan as the object, CCA ranking was used to examine the relationship between environmental factors and species distribution of different types of slopes, and analyze the impacts of environmental factors such as soil and topography on plant diversity. The results showed that geotechnical slope was rich in vegetation composition (8 families, 17 genera, and 19 species), including Asteraceae, Gramineae, Fabaceae, Vitaceae, Lamiaceae, Simaroubaceae, etc. The species richness, Shannon index, Simpson index, and Pielou evenness index of the geotechnical slope were significantly higher than that of soil slope and rocky slope. The artificial soil nutrient contents of the three types of slopes were significantly higher than that of the control. The ave-rage contents of total nitrogen (1.24 g·kg^-1), organic matter (21.28 g·kg^-1), and available potassium (0.21 g·kg^-1) of geotechnical slope were higher than that of rocky slope (1.02, 15.56 and 0.14 g·kg^-1) and soil slope (0.80, 11.65 and 0.15 g·kg^-1), respectively. Vegetation diversity was significantly related to soil factors, with organic matter and soil water content as the main limiting factors. Soil factors had greater impacts on vegetation restoration than topographical factors. Results of structural equation modeling showed that topographical factors, such as slope gradient, indirectly affected vegetation restoration by affecting soil moisture and nutrients.

Key words: slope protection engineering, artificial soil, environmental factor

乔欧盟, 陈璋. 矿区不同类型生态护坡工程植物多样性对环境因子的响应[J]. 应用生态学报, 2022, 33(3): 742-748.

QIAO Ou-meng, CHEN Zhang. Plant diversity on different types of slope ecological engineering and its responses to environmental factors in mining areas.[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2022, 33(3): 742-748.

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矿区不同类型生态护坡工程植物多样性对环境因子的响应

Plant diversity on different types of slope ecological engineering and its responses to environmental factors in mining areas.

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