[1] Anen P & Alberts W.1998.Genetic variation and reproductive success of road verge populations of the rare shrub Grevillea barklyana (Proteaceae).Heredity,80(2): 180~186 [2] Bangs EF, Bailey TN,Portner MF. 1989.Survival rates of adult female moose on the Kenai Peninsula, Alaska.J Wildlife Manag,53:557~563 [3] Bao W-H(包薇红), Fan J(范兢).2000.Discussion on the impact of highway construction on ecological environment.Transpor Environ Prot(交通环保),21(3):42~44(in Chinese) [4] Bates GH.1935.The vegetation of footpaths, sidewalks, cart-tracks and gateways.J Ecol,23:463~487 [5] Benninger-Truax M.1992.Trail corridors as habitat and conduits for movement of plant species in Rocky Mountain National Park,Colorado,USA.Landscape Ecol,6(4):269~278 [6] Bergin TM, Freemark KE, Best LB.2000.Effects of landscape structure on nest predation in roadsides of a midwestern agroecosystem:A multiscale analysis.Landscape Ecol,15(2):131~143 [7] Brody HJ, Pelton MR. 1989. Effects of roads on black bear movements on western North Carolina.Wildlife Soc Bull,17:5~10 [8] Carr LW and Fahrig L.2001.Effect of Road Traffic on Two Amphibian Species of Differing Vagility.Cons Biol,15(4):1071~1078 [9] Clevenger AP,Waltho N. 2000. Factors Influencing the Effectiveness of Wildlife Underpasses in Banff National Park, Alberta, Canada.Conser Biol,14(1):47~56 [10] Develey PF and Stouffer PC .2001. Effects of roads on movements by understory birds in mixed-species flocks in central Amazonian Brazil.Conser Biol,15(5):1416~1422 [11] Ferreras PJ,Aldama J, Beltran JF. 1992.Rates and causes of mortality in a fragmented population of oberian Lynsfelis pardina Temminck.Biol Conser,61:197~202 [12] Findlay CS,Houlahan J. 1997.Amthoropogenic correlates of species richness in southeastern Ontario wetlands.Conser Biol,11:1000~1009 [13] Findlay T, ScotBourdages C,et al.2000.Response time of wetland biodiversity to road construction on adjacent lands.Conser Biol,14(1):86~94 [14] Forman RTT.1995. Land mosaics:The ecology of landscapes and regions.Cambridge, UK:Cambridge University Press. [15] Forman RTT and Alexander LE. 1998. Roads and their major ecological effects.Annual Rev Ecol System,29:207~231 [16] Forman RTT and Deblinger RD. 2000. The ecological road-effect zone of a Massachusetts (USA) suburban highway.Conser Biol,14:36~46 [17] Forman RTT, Friedman DS, Fitzhenry D.1997. Ecological effects of roads:Toward three summary indices and an overview for North America. In: Canters K ed. Habitat Fragmentations and Infrastructure. Netherlands: Ministry of Transport, Public Works and Water Management. 40~54 [18] Forman RTT and Mellinger AD. 1998. Road networks and forest spatial patterns in ecological models of diverse logging regimes, In: Craig JL, Mitchell N,Saunders DA,eds. Nature Conservation in Production Environments: Managing the Matix.Chipping Nortion,Australia:Surrey Beatty @ Sons. [19] Gao J(高峻), Song Y-C(宋永昌).2001. Landscape dynamics of two-side lands-along main urban roads in southwestern Shanghai.Chin J Appl Ecol(应用生态学报),12(4):605~609(in Chinese) [20] Goosem M, Izumi Y,Turton S.2001. Efforts to restore habitat connectivity for an upland tropical rainforest fauna: A trial of underpasses below roads. Ecol Manag Restor,21(3):196~202 [21] Gratson MW and Whitman CL. 2000. Road closures and density and success of elk hunters in Idaho. Wildlife Soc Bull,28(2): 302~310 [22] Grover KE and Thompson MJ. 1986.Factors influencing spring feeding site selection by elk in the Elkhorn Mountains, Montana.J Wildlife Manag,50:466~470 [23] Haskell DG.2000.Effects of Forest Roads on Macroinvertebrate Soil Fauna of the Southern Appalachian Mountains.Conser Biol,14(1):57~64 [24] Hodar JA, Pleguezuelos JM and Poveda JC.2000. Habitat selection of the common chameleon (Chamaeleo chamaeleon) (L.) in an area under development in southern Spain:Implications for conservation.Biol Conser,94(1):63~68 [25] Hu Y-M(胡远满),Bu R-C(布仁仓),Li T-S(李团胜).1999.Behevior fragmentation of wildlife habitats.In: Xiao D-N(肖笃宁), ed. Behavier Fragmentation of Wild Life Habitats, Proceedings of Landscape Ecology. Beijing: Science Press.173~175(in Chinese) [26] Hudson NL.1966.A survey of road mortality in mammals (and including data for the grass snake and common frog).J Zool Lind,148:576~579 [27] Hudson NL. 1962.Some notes on the causes of bird road casualties.Bird Study,9:168~173 [28] Huey LM.1941.Mammalian invasion via the highway.J Mannal,22: 383~385 [29] Jones JA,Swanson FJ,Wemple BC.2000.Effects of roads on hydrology, geomorphology, and disturbance patches in stream networks.Conser Biol,14(1):76~85 [30] Klein DR. 1991.Caribou in the changing north.Appl Animal Behav Sci,29:249~291 [31] Langton TES ed. 1989. Amphibians and Roads. Shefford Bedfordshire,UK: ACO Polymer Products. [32] Malcolm JR,Ray JC. 2000. Influence of timber extraction routes on central African small-mammal communities, forest structure, and tree diversity.Conserv Biol,14(6):1623~1638 [33] Mason CF, Norton SA, Fernandez IJ. 1999.Deconstruction of the chemical effects of road salt on stream water chemistry.J Environ Qual,28(1): 82~91 [34] McGarigal K, Romme WH, Crist M.2001. Cumulative effects of roads and logging on landscape structure in the San Juan Mountains, Colorado (USA).Landscape Ecol,16(4):327~349 [35] Miller JR,Joyce LA, Knight RL. 1996. Forest roads and landscape structure in the southern Rocky Mountains.Landscape Ecol,11(2):115~127 [36] Mumme RL, Schoech SJ,Woolfenden GE.2000. Life and death in the fast lane: Demographic consequences of road mortality in the Florida Scrub-Jay.Conser Biol,14(2): 501~512 [37] Olander LP, Scatena FN,Silver WL.1998.Impacts of disturbance initiated by road construction in a subtropical cloud forest in the Luquillo experimental forest,Puerto Rico.For Ecol Manag,109(1~3):33~49 [38] Packer PE.1967.Criteria for designing and locating logging roads to control sediment.For Sci,13:1~18 [39] Parendes LA and Jones JA.2000.Role of light availability and dispersal in exotic plant invasion along roads and streams in the H. J. Andrews Experimental Forest, Oregon.Conser Biol,14(1):64~75 [40] Pedersen LB and Randrup TB. 2000.Effects of road distance and protective measures on deicing NaCl deposition and soil solution chemistry in planted median strips.J Arboricul,26(5):238~245 [41] Petranka JW, Dldridge ME and Haley KE.1993. Effects of timber harvesting on Southern Appalachian salamanders.Conser Biol,7:363~370 [42] Philcox CK, Grogan AL and Macdonald DW.1999. Patterns of otter lutra road mortality in Britain.J Appl Ecol,36(5):748~762 [43] Reijnen R, Foppen R,Meeuwsen H. 1996. The effects of traffic on the density of breeding birds in dutch agriculture grasslands.Biol Conser,75:255~260 [44] Rieman BE, Bee DC and Thourow RF. 1997.Distribution status and likely future trends of bull trout within the Columbia River and Klamath River Basins.North Amer J Fish Manag,17:1111~1125 [45] Rost GR and Bailey JA. 1979.Distribution of mule deer and elk relation to roads.J Wildlife Manag,43:634~641 [46] Roth NE, Allan JD, Erickson DL. 1996. Landscape influences on stream biotic integrity assessed at multiple spatial scales.Landscape Ecol,11:141~156 [47] Rowland MM, Wisdom MJ, Johnson BK.2000.Elk distribution and modeling in relation to roads.J Wildlife Manag,64(3): 672~684 [48] Stoeckeler JH.1965.Drainage along swamp forest roads:Lessons from Northern Europe.J For,63:771~776 [49] Strittholt JR and Dellasala DA.2001.Importance of roadless areas in biodiversity conservation in forested ecosystems: Case study of the Klamath-Siskiyou Ecoregion of the United States.Conser Biol,15(6):1742~1754 [50] Suo Y-R(索有瑞), Huang Y-L(黄雅丽). 1996.The content and evaluation of lead in soils and plants in both sides of roads in Xining region.Envirion Sci(环境科学),17(2):74~76(in Chinese) [51] Thinker DB, Resor CAC,Beauvais GP. 1998. Watershed analysis of forest fragmentation by clearcuts and roads in a Wyoming forest.Landscape Ecol,13(3):149~165 [52] Tikka PM, Hgmander H, Koski PS.2001.Road and railway verges serve as dispersal corridors for grassland plants.Landscape Ecol,16(7):659~666 [53] Trombulak SC and Frissell C. 2000. A review of the ecological effects of roads on terrestrial and aquatic ecosystems.Conser Biol,14(1):18~30 [54] Viskari EL and Karenlampi L. 2000. Roadside Scots pine as an indicator of deicing salt use -A comparative study from two consecutive winters.Water Air Soil Poll,122(3~4):405~419 [55] Vos CC and Chardon JP.1998.Effects of habitat fragmentation and road density on the distribution pattern of the moor frog Rana arvalis.J Appl Ecol,35(1):44~56 [56] Williams B and Marcot B. 1991.Use of biodiversity indicators for analyzing and managing forest landscapes. Transactions of the North American.Wildlife Nat Res Conference,56:613~627 [57] Wu Y-R(伍玉容),Yang C-Y(杨成永). 2001. Influence of railway construction on animal's ecological behavior and its control.Transpor Environ Protec(交通环保),22(1):42~44(in Chinese) [58] Zhang J-E(张家恩),Xu Q(徐琪).1995. Ecological impacts of roads and its ecological construction.Chin J Ecol(生态学杂志),14(6):74~77(in Chinese) [59] Zhang P-F(张鹏飞), Yao C(姚成).1999.Analyses on pollution on surrounding environments from transportation noise along roads.Urban Environ Urban Ecol(城市环境与城市生态), 12(3):29~31(in Chinese) [60] Zong Y-G(宗跃光). 1999. The corridor effects in urban ecological landscape planning-A case study on Beijing.Acta Ecol Sin(生态学报),19(2):145~150(in Chinese) |