长白山毛赤杨和白桦-沼泽生态交错带群落生物量分布格局

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 采用样带网格、树干解析和经验模型方法,研究了长白山毛赤杨和白桦沼泽交错群落生物量分布格局,揭示群落建群种生长过程、器官生物量分布、群落生物量水平分布和垂直分布规律性.结果表明,毛赤杨和白桦在生长过程及适宜生境方面存在差异.毛赤杨生长速度是白桦的2～3倍,随交错区环境梯度旱化,其生长呈减缓趋势,而白桦生长呈加快趋势,故白桦是耐水湿树种,毛赤杨是喜湿树种.毛赤杨和白桦个体营养器官生物量表现出相似的分布规律.两者营养器官生物量分布格局为树干1/2、树根1/4、树枝1/10、树皮15/20、树叶1/20.乔木层生物量占群落生物量的87%～90%、灌木层占7%～9%、草本层占2%～3%.群落生物量沿沼泽到森林交错区环境梯度呈显著线性递增趋势.

关键词: 长白山, 森林沼泽生态交错带, 群落生物量, 空间分布格局

Abstract: In order to reveal the growth patterns of dominant tree species and the distribution patterns of community biomass along the horizontal environmental gradients or among the vertical layers of communities in Changbai Mountains,this paper studied the biomass distribution patterns of Alnus hirsuta-swamp and Betula platyphylla-swamp ecotone communities.The results showed that there were some differences in growth rate and in adaptability to habitats between A.hirsuta and B.platyphylla.In the wetland habitats of the ecotone,A.hirsuta grew 1～2 times faster than B.platyphylla,but along the gradient from swamp to forest,it grew slowly,while B.platyphylla grew fast.Therefore,A.hirsuta was a favorite tree species in wetland habitats.The distribution pattern of organ biomass was similar between A.hirsute and B.platyphylla,the trunk being 1/2,tree root 1/4,branch 1/10,bark 1.5/20,and leaf 1/20.The vertical distribution pattern of biomass was also similar between A.hirsute-swamp and B.platyphylla-swamp ecotone communities,the tree,shrub,and herbage layer accounted for 87%～90%,7%～9%,and 2%～3%,respectively in the whole ecotone communities.The community biomass increased linearly from swamp to forest with the change of environment factors.

Key words: Changbai Mountains, Forest-swamp ecotone, Community biomass、Distribution pattern

中图分类号:

Q948

牟长城, 万书成, 苏平, 宋宏文, 孙志虎. 长白山毛赤杨和白桦-沼泽生态交错带群落生物量分布格局[J]. 应用生态学报, 2004, (12): 2211-2216.

MU Changcheng, WAN Shucheng, SU Ping, SONG Hongwen, SUN Zhihu . Biomass distribution patterns of Alnus hirsuta and Betula platyphylla-swamp ecotone communities in Changbai Mountains[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2004, (12): 2211-2216.

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