武际1,2,3;郭熙盛1,2,3;杨晓虎4;黄晓荣2
WU Ji1,2,3;GUO Xi-sheng1,2,3;YANG Xiao-hu4;HUANG Xiao-rong2
1Institute of Soil and Fertilizer, Anhui Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hefei 230031, China; 2Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Crop Quality Improvement, Hefei 230031, China; 3Ministry of Agriculture Key Field Scientific Observation Station of Mengcheng Lime Concretion Black Soil Ecology and Environment, Mengcheng 233500, Anhui, China; 4College of Resources and Environment, Anhui Agricultural University, Hefei 230036, China
摘要: 采用田间试验方法,研究了不同氮肥施用时期和基追比例对土壤硝态氮和铵态氮含量变化及小麦产量和品质的影响.结果表明:土壤硝态氮和铵态氮含量随着土层深度的增加而降低,不同氮肥施用时期和基追比例对0~20 cm土层土壤硝态氮和铵态氮含量均有显著影响;与氮肥全部基施处理相比,氮肥施用时期后移和基追比例的增加,明显提高了氮肥吸收利用率,减少了小麦全生育期土壤氮素的表观盈余量,同时显著改善了小麦籽粒品质;但对籽粒产量影响不显著,孕穗期追施比例过大导致产量显著降低.在本试验条件下,综合考虑产量、品质和生态效益,以基肥∶拔节肥∶孕穗肥为5∶3∶2为最佳氮肥运筹方式.