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应用生态学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 30 ›› Issue (2): 573-582.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.201902.019

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

栽培模式对旱地小麦产量和土壤肥力的影响

何红霞1,李小涵1,包明1,李超1,马小龙1,何刚1,邱炜红1,王朝辉1,2*   

  1. 1西北农林科技大学资源环境学院/农业部西北植物营养与农业环境重点实验室, 陕西杨凌 712100;
    2西北农林科技大学旱区作物逆境生物学国家重点实验室, 陕西杨凌 712100
  • 收稿日期:2018-06-04 修回日期:2018-12-18 出版日期:2019-02-20 发布日期:2019-02-20
  • 通讯作者: E-mail:w-zhaohui@263.net
  • 作者简介:何红霞,女,1992年生,硕士研究生.主要从事小麦营养与调控研究.E-mail:215851872@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    本文由国家重点研发计划项目(2018YFD0200400)和现代农业产业技术体系专项(CARS-3)资助

Effects of cultivation patterns on wheat yield and soil fertility in dryland.

HE Hong-xia1, LI Xiao-han1, BAO Ming1, LI Chao1, MA Xiao-long1, HE Gang1, QIU Wei-hong1, WANG Zhao-hui1,2*   

  1. 1College of Natural Resources and Environment, Northwest A&F University/Key Laboratory of Plant Nutrition and Agro-environment in Northwest China, Ministry of Agriculture, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China;
    2State Key Laboratory of Crop Stress Biology in Arid Areas, Northwest A&F University, Yangling 712100, Shaanxi, China
  • Received:2018-06-04 Revised:2018-12-18 Online:2019-02-20 Published:2019-02-20
  • Supported by:
    This work was supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (2018YFD0200400) and the China Agricultural Research System (CARS-3).

摘要: 通过田间试验,研究地膜覆盖、秸秆还田和种植绿肥对冬小麦籽粒产量和土壤肥力的影响.结果表明: 与传统模式相比,地膜覆盖并不总能提高旱地小麦产量,3年平均产量无显著变化,但降低20~40 cm土壤全氮、有效磷、速效钾、有效硫、有效锌和有效锰含量,对土壤有机质、硝态氮、有效铁和有效铜含量无显著影响.秸秆还田的小麦产量3年平均降低12.1%,收获期0~20 cm土层全氮提高5.8%,20~40 cm土层有效铜含量提高6.2%,而有效磷和有效锰分别降低36.1%和10.2%,对开花期和收获期土壤有机质、硝态氮、速效钾、有效硫、有效锌和有效铁无显著影响.种植绿肥的籽粒产量降低12.1%,同时土壤pH、有效磷和有效硫含量降低,有机质、全氮、硝态氮、有效锌和有效锰均增加,对土壤速效钾、有效铁和有效铜均无显著影响.综上,在旱地土壤肥力较低的条件下,地膜覆盖和秸秆还田不利于土壤肥力的提升,使小麦增产受到限制;种植绿肥培肥效果最好,但应考虑区域降水情况,注意其带来的减产问题.

关键词: 旱地, 冬小麦, 秸秆还田, 产量, 土壤肥力, 地膜覆盖, 种植绿肥

Abstract: A field experiment was conducted to examine the effects of plastic film mulching (PM), straw retention (SR), and planting green manure (GM) on winter wheat grain yield and soil fertility. The results showed that PM did not have consistently positive effect on the grain yield, when compared to the traditional patterns (TP). No difference of average grain yield was observed between them over three years. Soil total nitrogen (N), available phosphorus (P), potassium (K), sulfur (S), zinc (Zn) and manganese (Mn) were decreased in 20-40 cm layer in PM than those in TP, while no difference was observed for soil organic matter, nitrate (NO3--N), available iron (Fe) and copper (Cu). The mean grain yield of three years decreased by 12.1% in SR than that in TP treatment. At maturity stage of winter wheat, soil total N and available Cu was increased by 5.8% in 0-20 cm and 6.2% in 20-40 cm layer, respectively, while soil available P and Mn were decreased by 36.1% and 10.2%, respectively. No difference was observed between SR and TP treatments for soil organic matter, NO3--N, available K, S, Zn and Fe at anthesis and maturity stages. Compared to the TP treatment, the mean grain yield was decreased by 12.1% in GM treatment. Soil pH, available P and S were decreased, while the soil organic matter, total N, NO3--N, and available Zn and Mn were increased. No difference was observed for soil available K, Fe and Cu. In conclusion, the PM and SR were not beneficial for the improvement of soil fertility, and thus inhibited the grain yield increase in dryland with low soil fertility level. The GM has greater potential to increase soil nutrients, but it should be paid more attention to the risk of grain yield reduction due to insufficient annual precipitation.

Key words: dryland, winter wheat, straw retention, yield, soil fertility, plastic film mulching, planting green manure