青海三江源地区三种天然圆柏林更新特征

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202202.006

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为明确青海三江源地区3种天然圆柏林的更新特征及其主导影响因子,对天然林保护与经营提供参考,本研究评价了圆柏林天然更新等级,分析了林分因子和林地土壤因子对圆柏林天然更新的影响。结果表明: 3种天然圆柏林更新不良,更新潜力不足。大果圆柏林、祁连圆柏林和密枝圆柏林平均更新密度分别为332、279和202株·hm^-2,更新个体的高度集中在1~3 m。大果圆柏林下有极少量幼苗存在,数量为12株·hm^-2,密枝圆柏林和祁连圆柏林下无幼苗存在。大果圆柏林更新密度与林分密度、林地土壤有机质和有效磷均呈显著正相关,与灌木盖度呈显著负相关;密枝圆柏林更新密度与草本盖度、人为干扰度、林地坡度和林地土壤全氮均呈显著负相关,与土壤含水率呈显著正相关;祁连圆柏林更新密度与林分密度、林地土壤速效钾和有效磷均呈显著正相关,与草本盖度呈显著负相关。多元回归分析显示,大果圆柏林更新主要受林下灌木盖度和林地土壤有效磷影响;密枝圆柏林更新主要受林下草本盖度、林地土壤全氮和人为干扰影响;祁连圆柏林更新主要受林下草本盖度和林地土壤速效钾影响。为促进三江源天然圆柏林的保护和天然更新,应加强森林封禁管护力度,合理调控林下灌草盖度,提高林地土壤肥力,改善林内生境。

关键词: 三江源, 圆柏林, 天然更新, 林分因子, 土壤因子

Abstract: The aims of this study were to clarify the regeneration characteristics and dominant factors affecting the regeneration of three natural Juniperus forests in the Three-River Headwater Region of Qinghai Province, and thus to provide a reference for the protection and management of natural forests. We evaluated the natural regeneration levels of Juniperus forests, and the effects of stand factors and soil factors on natural regeneration. The results showed that three natural Juniperus forests were poorly regenerated, with insufficient regeneration potential. The average regeneration density of J. tibetica forest, J. przewalskii forest and J. convallium forest was 332, 279 and 202 ind·hm^-2, respectively. The height range of regenerate individuals was concentrated in 1-3 m. Only a few seedlings (12 ind·hm^-2) were found under the J. tibetica forest, and no seedlings were found under the J. convallium and J. przewalskii forests. The regeneration density of J. tibetica forest was significantly positively correlated with stand density, soil organic matter and available phosphorus, and negatively correlated with shrub coverage. The regeneration density of J. convallium forest was significantly negatively correlated with herb coverage, human disturbance degree, woodland slope and soil total nitrogen, and positively correlated with soil water content. The regeneration density of J. przewalskii forest was significantly positively correlated with stand density, soil available potassium and available phosphorus, but negatively correlated with herb coverage. Results of multiple regression analysis showed that the regeneration of J. tibetica forest was mainly affected by understory shrub coverage and soil available phosphorus, that of J. convallium forest was mainly affected by understory herb coverage, soil total nitrogen and human disturbance, and that of J. przewalskii forest was mainly affected by understory herb coverage and soil available potassium. It was necessary to strengthen forest enclosure, management and protection, rationally regu-late the coverage of understory vegetation, increase soil fertility and improve biotope in the forest, which would promote the protection and natural regeneration of natural Juniperus forests in the Three-River Headwater Region.

Key words: Three-River Headwater Region, Juniperus forest, natural regeneration, stand factor, soil factor

黄婷, 郝家田, 杜一尘, 田翠翠, 张婧, 王海, 侯琳. 青海三江源地区三种天然圆柏林更新特征[J]. 应用生态学报, 2022, 33(2): 297-303.

HUANG Ting, HAO Jia-tian, DU Yi-chen, TIAN Cui-cui, ZHANG Jing, WANG Hai, HOU Lin. Regeneration characteristics of three natural Juniperus forests in the Three-River Headwater Region of Qinghai Province, China[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2022, 33(2): 297-303.

参考文献

[1] 李进, 石晓东, 高润梅, 等. 华北落叶松天然次生林更新及影响因素. 森林与环境学报, 2020, 40(6): 588-596
[2] 康冰, 王得祥, 崔宏安, 等. 秦岭山地油松群落更新特征及影响因子. 应用生态学报, 2011, 22(7): 1659-1667
[3] 朱教君, 刘足根, 王贺新. 辽东山区长白落叶松人工林天然更新障碍分析. 应用生态学报, 2008, 19(4): 695-703
[4] 黄萍, 刘艳红. 北京松山油松林林分结构和地形对幼苗更新的影响. 生态学杂志, 2018, 37(4): 1003-1009
[5] 欧芷阳, 庞世龙, 谭长强, 等. 林分结构对桂西南蚬木种群天然更新的影响. 应用生态学报, 2017, 28(10): 3181-3188
[6] Vargas GR, Gártner SM, Hagen E, et al. Tree regene-ration in the threatened forest of Robinson Crusoe Island, Chile: The role of small-scale disturbances on microsite conditions and invasive species. Forest Ecology and Management, 2013, 307: 255-265
[7] Perea R, Gil L. Tree regeneration under high levels of wild ungulates: The use of chemically vs. physically-defended shrubs. Forest Ecology and Management, 2014, 312: 47-54
[8] 邢世岩, 周蔚, 马颖敏, 等. 侧柏林天然更新及苗期生长特性. 林业工程学报, 2009, 23(1): 52-54
[9] 张树梓, 李梅, 张树彬, 等. 塞罕坝华北落叶松人工林天然更新影响因子. 生态学报, 2015, 35(16): 5403-5411
[10] Suzuki N, Yoshida T, Miyamoto T, et al. Early establishment of spruce (Picea glehnii [Fr. Schm]. Masters) seedlings on disturbed soil with the aim of assisted natural regeneration. Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research, 2021, 36: 126-134
[11] Krzysztof T, Dyderski MK, Paweł R. Ash dieback, soil and deer browsing influence natural regeneration of European ash (Fraxinus excelsior L.). Science of the Total Environment, 2021, 752: 141787
[12] 宋馥杉, 方欧娅. 三江源国家公园大果圆柏生长衰退历史研究. 森林与环境学报, 2019, 39(4): 386-392
[13] 刘录三, 邵雪梅, 梁尔源, 等. 祁连山中部祁连圆柏生长与更新方式的树轮记录. 地理研究, 2006, 25(1): 53-61
[14] 张静, 陈志林, 侯琳, 等. 三江源区祁连圆柏群落物种多样性沿海拔梯度的变化格局. 西北植物学报, 2020, 40(10): 1759-1767
[15] Lu SF, Zhou SY, Yin XJ, et al. Patterns of tree species richness in Southwest China. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2021, 193: 97
[16] 鲍士旦. 土壤农化分析. 第三版. 北京: 中国农业出版社, 2000: 25-239
[17] Sagar R, Raghubanshi AS, Singh JS. Tree species composition, dispersion and diversity along a disturbance gradient in a dry tropical forest region of India. Forest Ecology and Management, 2003, 186: 61-71
[18] 陈维强, 周伟磊, 刘倩雯, 等. 人为干扰对额济纳胡杨林群落组成及更新的影响. 林业资源管理, 2010(1): 46-52
[19] 吴大荣, 朱政德. 福建省罗卜岩自然保护区闽楠种群结构和空间分布格局初步研究. 林业科学, 2003, 39(1): 23-30
[20] 田晓萍, 马力, 占玉芳. 祁连山北坡中段祁连圆柏群落学特征的研究. 西北林学院学报, 2015, 30(2): 77-83
[21] 国家林业和草原局. 森林资源连续清查技术规程(GB/T 38590—2020). 北京: 中国标准出版社, 2020: 38
[22] 张希彪, 上官周平, 王金成, 等. 子午岭人工油松林群落更新特征及影响因子. 山地学报, 2014, 32(5): 561-567
[23] 左政, 郑小贤. 不同干扰等级下常绿阔叶次生林林分结构及树种多样性. 浙江农林大学学报, 2019, 36(1): 21-30
[24] 张庆利, 潘贤章, 王洪杰, 等. 中等尺度上土壤肥力质量的空间分布研究及定量评价. 土壤通报, 2003, 34(6): 493-497
[25] 孙德福. 浅析影响林冠下园柏天然更新的主导因素. 中南林业调查规划, 1998, 17(3): 18-20
[26] Gutiérrez GG, Juárez V, Alcalá RE, et al. Natural and human disturbances affect natural regeneration of Swietenia macrophylla: Implications for rainforest management. Forest Ecology and Management, 2011, 262: 161-169
[27] 张凯璐, 刘波, 王亚锋. 青海玉树川西云杉树线种群结构与空间格局. 地球环境学报, 2020, 11(6): 660-671
[28] 张志东, 毛培利, 刘玉虹, 等. 林分结构对烟台黑松海岸防护林天然更新的影响. 生态学报, 2010, 30(8): 2205-2211
[29] 杜忠, 蔡小虎, 包维楷, 等. 林下层植被对上层乔木的影响研究综述. 应用生态学报, 2016, 27(3): 963-972
[30] Nilson K, Lundqvist L. Effect of stand structure and density on development of natural regeneration in two Picea abies stands in Sweden. Scandinavian Journal of Forest Research, 2001, 16: 253-259
[31] 贾炜玮, 解希涛, 姜生伟, 等. 大兴安岭新林林业局3种林分类型天然更新幼苗幼树的空间分布格局. 应用生态学报, 2017, 28(9): 2813-2822
[32] 赵雪, 刘妍妍, 金光泽. 地形对阔叶红松林幼苗更新的影响. 应用生态学报, 2013, 24(11): 3035-3042
[33] Davis EL, Hager HA, Gedalof Z. Soil properties as constraints to seedling regeneration beyond alpine treelines in the Canadian Rocky Mountains. Arctic, Antarctic, and Alpine Research, 2018, 50: e1415625
[34] 任学敏, 杨改河, 秦晓威, 等. 巴山冷杉-牛皮桦混交林乔木更新及土壤化学性质对更新的影响. 林业科学, 2012, 48(1): 1-6
[35] 陈钦程, 徐福利, 王渭玲, 等. 秦岭北麓不同林龄华北落叶松土壤速效钾变化规律. 植物营养与肥料学报, 2014, 20(5): 1243-1249
[36] 刘少冲, 陈立新, 段文标, 等. 影响不同林型天然红松混交林林隙更新的土壤特征因子. 生态学报, 2017, 37(12): 4072-4083
[37] 刘斌, 陈维, 陈伏生, 等. 九连山次生阔叶林幼苗生长对氮磷添加的响应. 应用生态学报, 2020, 31(8): 2533-2540
[38] 祝子枭, 刘兆刚, 董灵波, 等. 环境因子对大兴安岭天然落叶松次生林主要树种更新的影响. 东北林业大学学报, 2020, 48(6): 135-141
[39] 李璟, 周朵朵, 陈颂, 等. 关帝山云杉次生林树木更新与土壤养分的空间关联性. 应用生态学报, 2021, 32(7): 2363-2370