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应用生态学报 ›› 2010, Vol. 21 ›› Issue (05): 1283-1288.

• 研究报告 • 上一篇    下一篇

应用热平衡法测定玉米/大豆间作群体内作物的蒸腾量

高 阳;段爱旺**;邱新强;张俊鹏;孙景生;王和洲   

  1. 中国农业科学院农田灌溉研究所农业部作物需水与调控重点开放实验室,河南新乡 453003
  • 出版日期:2010-05-20 发布日期:2010-05-20

Plant transpiration in a maize/soybean intercropping system measured with heat balance method.

GAO Yang;DUAN Ai-wang;QIU Xin-qiang;ZHANG Jun-peng;SUN Jing-sheng;WANG He-zhou    

  1. Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory for Crop Water Requirement and Regulation, Farmland Irrigation Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Xinxiang 453003, Henan, China
  • Online:2010-05-20 Published:2010-05-20

摘要: 通过田间试验采用基于热平衡法的茎流计测定玉米/大豆条带间作群体内作物的蒸腾规律.结果表明:间作群体内,玉米和大豆植株的茎流速率在晴天呈单峰曲线,在阴天则呈多峰曲线.植株的茎流受多个环境因子的影响,其中太阳辐射是影响植株茎流最主要的气象因子.玉米和大豆的单株日茎流量与多个气象因子间存在较好的相关关系,达到极显著水平.茎流观测期内(2008年6月1—30日),间作群体内玉米植株的日均蒸腾量(1.44 mm·d-1)为大豆(0.79 mm·d-1)的1.8倍,玉米和大豆植株的蒸腾量分别占间作群体总蒸腾量的64%和36%.考虑到作物的茎直径和叶面积的空间变异,安装一定数量的茎流探头对于准确测定植株茎流是十分必要的.

关键词: 玉米/大豆间作, 蒸腾, 茎流, 热平衡法, 冬小麦, 有机无机肥配施, 群体光合, 籽粒产量

Abstract: In an experimental field with maize/soybean strip intercropping, the transpiration of maize and soybean plants was measured with sap flow gauge based on heat balance method. In the intercropping system, the diurnal change of the sap flow rates of the plants fitted single-peak curve in sunny day and multi-peak curve in cloudy day. The plant sap flow rates were affected by many environmental factors, among which, solar radiation was the most important meteorological factor. The daily sap flow per maize or soybean plant showed significant correlations with solar radiation, air temperature, relative humidity, wind speed, and soil heat flux. During the observation period (June 1-30, 2008), the mean daily transpiration of maize plant (1.44 mm·d-1) was about 1.8 times of that of soybean plant (0.79 mm·d-1). Maize transpiration and soybean transpiration contributed 64% and 36% to the total transpiration of the intercropping system, respectively. Due to the spatial variation of stem diameter and leaf area, it would be necessary to install more sap flow gauges to accurately measure the sap flow of maize and soybean plants.

Key words: maize/soybean intercropping, transpiration, sap flow, heat balance method, winter wheat, mixed application of organic-inorganic fertilizers, canopy apparent photosynthesis, grain yield.