宽幅播种下基本苗密度对小麦旗叶光合特性及叶片和根系衰老的影响

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202301.016

应用生态学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (1): 107-113.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202301.016

宽幅播种下基本苗密度对小麦旗叶光合特性及叶片和根系衰老的影响

孔令英², 赵俊晔^1*, 张振², 石玉², 于振文²

¹中国农业科学院农业信息研究所农业部农业信息服务技术重点实验室, 北京 100081;
²山东农业大学农业部作物生理生态与耕作重点实验室, 山东泰安 271018

收稿日期:2022-04-04 修回日期:2022-11-01 出版日期:2023-01-15 发布日期:2023-06-15
通讯作者: ^*E-mail: zhaojunye@caas.cn
作者简介:孔令英, 女, 1995年生, 硕士研究生。主要从事作物栽培生理生态研究。E-mail: klyxiaomai@163.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(32172114,31601243)和财政部、农业农村部“国家现代农业产业技术体系项目(CARS-03)资助。

Effects of planting density on photosynthetic characteristics of flag leaf and senescence of leaf and root under wide-width sowing condition

KONG Ling-ying², ZHAO Jun-ye^1*, ZHANG Zhen², SHI Yu², YU Zhen-wen²

¹Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Agricultural Information Service Technology, Agricultural Information Institute, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China;
²Ministry of Agriculture Key Laboratory of Crop Physiology and Farming System, Shandong Agricultural University, Tai'an 271018, Shandong, China

Received:2022-04-04 Revised:2022-11-01 Online:2023-01-15 Published:2023-06-15

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为明确宽幅精播条件下小麦高产高效的适宜基本苗密度,于2018—2019年和2019—2020年在山东兖州大田试验条件下设置4种基本苗密度处理:90×10⁴株·hm^-2(D₁)、180×10⁴株·hm^-2(D₂)、270×10⁴株·hm^-2(山东高产田常用基本苗密度,D₃)、360×10⁴株·hm^-2(D₄),研究基本苗密度对小麦光合特性、衰老特性以及籽粒产量和水分利用效率的影响。结果表明: 与D₁、D₄处理相比,D₂处理显著改善了灌浆期间小麦旗叶光合特性,提高了旗叶和根系超氧化物歧化酶(SOD)活性、可溶性蛋白质含量,降低了旗叶和根系丙二醛(MDA)含量,延缓了旗叶和根系衰老;与D₁、D₃、D₄处理相比,D₂处理显著提高了0~40 cm土层小麦根长、根表面积和根体积。2018—2019年和2019—2020年,与D₁、D₃、D₄处理相比,D₂处理的籽粒产量分别提高11.8%、2.5%、6.4%和22.7%、5.7%、17.1%,水分利用效率分别提高9.2%、8.8%、14.2%和21.1%、6.2%、21.5%。综上,基本苗密度为180×10⁴株·hm^-2的D₂处理通过提高小麦灌浆期旗叶光合特性,改善小麦根系形态,延缓了植株衰老,籽粒产量和水分利用效率最高,是山东宽幅播种高产麦田的最优处理。

关键词: 小麦, 宽幅播种, 基本苗密度, 光合特性, 衰老特性, 籽粒产量

Abstract: To determine the optimal planting density under wide-width sowing condition, we investigated the effects of different planting densities on photosynthetic characteristics of flag leaves, senescence characteristics of flag lea-ves and roots, grain yield, and water use efficiency under four planting density levels, 90×10⁴ plants·hm^-2 (D₁), 180×10⁴ plants·hm^-2(D₂), 270×10⁴ plants·hm^-2(D₃) and 360×10⁴ plants·hm^-2(D₄), in field condition set in Yanzhou, Shandong during the growing season of 2018-2019 and 2019-2020. The results showed that compared with D₁ and D₄ treatments, D₂ treatment significantly improved photosynthetic characteristics of wheat flag leaves during grain filling, increased the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and soluble protein content, reduced the malondialdehyde (MDA) content, and delayed the senescence of flag leaves and roots. Compared with other treatments, D₂ treatment significantly increased root length, root surface area and root volume in 0-40 cm soil layer. Compared with D₁, D₃ and D₄ treatments, the grain yield of D₂ treatment was increased by 11.8%, 2.5%, 6.4% in 2018-2019 and 22.7%, 5.7%, 17.1% in 2019-2020, respectively. In addition, water use efficiency was increased by 9.2%, 8.8%, 14.2% in 2018-2019 and 21.1%, 6.2%, 21.5% in 2019-2020, respectively. The planting density at 180×10⁴ plants·hm^-2 improved photosynthetic characteristics of flag leaves and root morphology during filling stage, delayed plant senescence, increased grain number per spike and grain weight. Consequently, the highest grain yield and water use efficiency were obtained under D₂ treatment, which was the optimal treatment under the experimental wide-width sowing condition.

Key words: wheat, wide-width sowing, planting density, photosynthetic characteristic, senescence characteristic, grain yield.

孔令英, 赵俊晔, 张振, 石玉, 于振文. 宽幅播种下基本苗密度对小麦旗叶光合特性及叶片和根系衰老的影响[J]. 应用生态学报, 2023, 34(1): 107-113.

KONG Ling-ying, ZHAO Jun-ye, ZHANG Zhen, SHI Yu, YU Zhen-wen. Effects of planting density on photosynthetic characteristics of flag leaf and senescence of leaf and root under wide-width sowing condition[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2023, 34(1): 107-113.

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宽幅播种下基本苗密度对小麦旗叶光合特性及叶片和根系衰老的影响

Effects of planting density on photosynthetic characteristics of flag leaf and senescence of leaf and root under wide-width sowing condition

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