关键词: 绿洲农田, 开垦年限, 线虫群落, 生态指数, 生态位, 种间联结, 游泳动物

Abstract: This paper studied the characteristics of soil nematode community following the conversion of native sandy desert soil to irrigated farmland in a marginal oasis of the middle reaches of Heihe River basin, aimed to approach the bioindicating function of soil nematodes in soil evolution process. A total of 27921 soil nematode individuals were captured, belonging to 25 families and 34 genera. The total number of nematodes increased gradually with increasing age of cultivation. At all sampling sites, bacterivores and plant parasites were the dominant trophic groups, and made up the main parts of nematode community in oasis farmland. Through the analysis of the evenness index (J) and dominance index (λ) of nematode community, the ecosystems were found  to be fragile for the farmlands having cultivated for 0, 10, and ＞50 years. The maturity index MI_2-5and MMI decreased with increasing cultivation age, suggesting that the practice of agricultural use enhanced the disturbance on farmland. The soil properties changed significantly after 10 years of cultivation, which was at a significant change stage for the structure stability of soil ecosystems. The characteristics of soil nematode community could be used as the bioindicator of soil evolution following the conversion of native desert soil to irrigated farmland.

Key words: oasis farmland, cultivatied age, nematode community, ecological index, niche, interspecific association, nekton.