[1] Bouwman AF. 1996. Direct emission of nitrous oxide from agricultural soils. Nutr Cycl Agroecosyst, 46:53~70 [2] Bouwman AF. 2001. Factors regulating nitrous oxide and nitric oxide emission. In:Bouwman AF, Boumans LJM, Batjes NH eds.Global Estimates of Gaseous Emissions of NH3, NO and N2O from Agricultural Land. Rome, Italy:FAO and IFA. 11~16 [3] Cates RL, Keeney DR. 1987. Nitrous oxide production thoughout the year from fertilized and manured maize fields. J Environ Qual,16:443~447 [4] Choudhary MA, Akramkhanov A, Saggar S. 2001. Nitrous oxide emissions in soils cropped with maize under long-term tillage and under permanent pasture in New Zealand. Soil Tillage Res, 62:61~71 [5] Clayton H, McTaggart IP, Parker J, et al. 1997. Nitrous oxide emissions from fertilised grassland:A 2-year study of the effects of N fertilizer form and environmental conditions. Biol Fert Soils, 25:252~260 [6] Delgado JA, Mosier AR. 1999. Mitigation alternatives to decrease nitrous oxides emissions and urea - Nitrogen loss and their effect on methane flux. J Environ Qual, 25(6):1105~1111 [7] Ding H(丁洪),Cai G-X(蔡贵信),Wang Y-S(王跃思), et al.2001. N2O emission from different crop-fluvo-aquic soil systems in the North China plain. Agro-Environ Prot (农业环境保护), 20(1):7~9 (in Chinese) [8] Ding H(丁洪),Cai G-X(蔡贵信), Wang Y-S(王跃思), et al.2001. Nitrification-denitrification losses of nitrogen fertilizer and N2O emission from maize-chao soil system in North China plain.Sci Agric Sin (中国农~科学), 34(4):416~420(in Chinese) [9] Ding H(丁洪),Cai G-X(蔡贵信), Wang Y-S(王跃思), et al.2003. Nitrification-denitrification loss and N2O emission from maize-wheat rotation system in North China. J Agro-Environ Sci (农业环境科学学报), 22(5):557~560(in Chinese) [10] Dobbie KE, McTaggart IP, Smith KA. 1999. Nitrous oxide emissions from intensive agricultural systems:Variations between crops and seasons, key driving variables, and mean emission factors. J Geophys Res, 104:26891~26899 [11] Dobbie KE, Smith KA. 2003. Nitrous oxide emission factors for agricultural soils in Great Britain:The impactof soil water-filled pore space and other controlling variables. Global Change Biol, 9:204~218 [12] Dong Y, Scharffe D, Qi YC, et al. 2001. Nitrous oxide emissions from cultivated soils in the North China Plain. Tellus, 53B:1~9 [13] Dorsch P. 2000. Nitrous oxide and methane fluxes in differently managed agricultural soils of a hilly landscape in southern Germany.Ph. D. thesis, TU Munchen-Weihenstephan, Fakultat fur Landwirtschaft und Gartenbau. Weihenstephan, Germany. [14] Duxbury JM, Bouldin DR, Terry RE, et al. 1982. Emissions of nitrous oxide from soils. Nature, 298:462~464 [15] Eggington GM, Smith KA. 1986. Losses of nitrogen by denitrification from a grassland soil fertilized with cattle slurry and calcium nitrate. J Soil Sci, 37:69~80 [16] Eichner MJ. 1990. Nitrous oxide emission from fertilized soils:Summary of available data. J Environ Qual, 19:272 280 [17] Flessa H, Beese F, Brumme R, et al. 1998. Freisezung und Verbrauch der klimarelevanten Spurengase N2O und CH4 beim Anbau nachwachsender Rohstoffe. Initiativen zum Umweltschutz Ⅱ. Osnabruck:DBU. [18] Flessa H, Dorsch P, Beese F. 1995. Seasonal variation of N2O and CH4 fluxes in differently managed arable soils in southern Germany. J Geophys Res, 100:23115~23124 [19] Flessa H, Ruser R, Dorsch P, et al. 2002. Integrated evaluation of greenhouse gas emissions (CO2, CH4, N2O) from two farming systems in southern Germany. Agric, Eco-Environ, 91:175~189 [20] Heinemeyer O. 1998. Nitrous oxide release from arable soil:Importance of different perennial forge crops. Biol Fert Soils, 28:36~43 [21] Hellebrand HJ, Kern J, Volkhard S. 2003. Long-term studies on greenhouse gas fluxes during cultivation of energy crops on sandy soils. Atmos Environ, 37:1635~1644 [22] Henault C, et al. 1998. Nitrous oxide emissions under different soil and land management conditions. Biol Fert Soils, 26:199~207 [23] Huang G-H(黄国宏), Chen G-X(了冠雄),Wu J(吴劼), et al.1995. N2O and CH4 fluxes from typical upland fields in northeast China. Chin J Appl Ecol (应用生态学报), 6 (4):383~386 (in Chinese) [24] Huang G-H(黄国宏),Chen G-X(陈冠雄),Zhang Z-M(张志明),et al.1998.N2O emissionin maize field andits mitigation.Acta Sci Circ(环境科学学报),18(4):344~349(in Chinese) [25] Huang Y(黄耀),Jiang J-Y(蒋静艳),Zong L-G(宗良纲),et al.2001.Influence of planting density and precipitation on N2O emission from a winter wheat field.Environ Sci(环境科学),22(6):20~23(in Chinese) [26] Huang Y(黄耀),Jiao Y(焦燕),Zong L-G(宗良纲),et al.2002.N2O emissionfrom wheat cultivated soils as influenced by soil physicochemical properties.Acta sci Circ(环境科学学报),22(5):598~602 (in Chinese) [27] Hutchinson GL, Mosier AR. 1979. Nitrous oxide emission from an irrigated cornfield. Science, 205:1125~1126 [28] IPCC. 1997. Revised 1996 IPCC Guidelines for National Greenhouse Gas Inventories:Reference Manual. Paris, France:OECD. 1~140 [29] IPCC. 2001. Climate Change 2001:The Science Basis. Cambridge:Cambridge University Press. 152~166 [30] JiangJ-Y(蒋静艳),Huang Y(黄耀),Zong L-G(宗良纲), et al. 2003. Influence of water controlling and straw application on CH4 and N2O from rice field. China Environ Sci (中国环境科学),23 (5):552~556 (in Chinese) [31] Kaiser EA, Kohrs K, Kucke M, et al. 1998. Nitrous oxide release from arable soil:Importance of N-fertilization, crops and temporal variation. Soil Biol Biochem, 30:1553~1563 [32] Kaiser EA, Ruser R. 2000. Nitrous oxide emission from arable soils in Germany - An evaluation of six long-term field experiment. J Plant Nutr Soil Sci, 163:249~260 [33] Kaiser EA, Heinemeyer O. 1996. Temporal change in N2O-losses from two arable soils. Plant Soil, 181:185~192 [34] Kanako K, Takuji S, Ryusuke H. 2002. Nitrous oxide emissions for 6 years from a gray lowland soil cultivated with onions in Hokkaido, Japan. Nutr Cycl Agroecosyst, 63:239~247 [35] Mogge B, Kaiser EA, Munch JC. 1999. Nitrous oxide emissions and denitrification N-losses from agricultural soils in Bornhoved Lake region (Northern Germany):Influence of organic fertilizers and land use. Soil Biol Biochem, 31:1245~1252 [36] Monika G, Ralf C. 2000. Influence of soil properties on the turnover of nitric oxide and nitrous oxide by nitrification and denitrification at constant temperature and moisture. Biol Fert Soils, 32:120~128 [37] Mosier A, Kroeze C, Nevison C, et al. 1998. Closing the global N2O budget:Nitrous oxide emissions through the agricultural nitrogen cycle. Nutr Cycl Agroecosyst, 52:255~248 [38] Mosier AR, Kroeze C. 1998. A new approach to estimate emissions of nitrous oxide from agriculture and its implications for the global N2O budget. Global Change News Letter, No. 34. Sweden:IGBP. [39] Mosier AR, Delgado JA. 1997. Methane and nitrous oxide fluxes in grasslands in western Puerto Rico. Chemosphere, 35:2059~2082 [40] Mosier AR. 1994. Nitrous oxide emission from agricultural soils.Fert Res, 37:191~200 [41] Xu W-B(徐文彬), Liu G-S(刘广深), Liu W-P(刘维屏). 2002.Effects of precipitation and soil moisture on N2O emission from upland soils in Guizhou. Chin J Appl Ecol (应用生态学报), 13 (1):67~70 (in Chinese) [42] Zheng X-H(郑循华), Wang M-X(王明星), Wang Y-S(王跃思),et al. 1996. Impact of soil humidity on N2O production and emission from a rice-wheat rotation ecosystem. Chin J Appl Ecol (应用生态学报), 7(3):273~279(in Chinese) [43] Zheng X-H(郑循华), Wang M-X(王明星), Wang Y-S(王跃思),et al. 1997. N2O emission from rice wheat ecosystem in Southeast China. Chin J Appl Ecol (应用生态学报), 8 (5):495~499 (in Chinese) [44] Zheng XH, Wang MX, Wang YS, et al. 2000. Impacts of soil moisture on nitrous oxide emission from croplands:A case study on the rice-based agro-ecosystem in Southeast China. Chemos-Global Change Sci, 2:207~224 [45] Zou J-W(邹建文), Huang Y(黄耀),Zong L-G(宗良纲), et al.2003. Effects of water regime and straw application in paddy rice season on nitrous oxide emission from following wheat growing season. Sci Agric Sin (中国农业科学), 36(4):409~414(in Chinese) |