芦竹对不同重金属耐性的研究

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 研究芦竹(Arundo donax)在不同重金属污染湿地中的耐毒性能,测定了不同生长时段芦竹的生物性状和叶绿素含量,以及土壤中重金属含量的变化.结果表明,芦竹分别在浓度为100 mg·kg^-1左右的CuCu²⁺、Pb²⁺、Cd²⁺、Zn²⁺、Ni²⁺、Hg²⁺和50 mg·kg^-1以下的Cr⁶⁺污染环境中能正常成活,在40 d的生长期内,植物体内叶绿素有不同程度降低,下降比率在20%～56%,植物出现叶片软化,叶尖枯黄等症状,但植株仍呈现增长趋势.与对照植物相比较,在重金属胁迫下,植株细长,茎、叶呈黄绿色,除Cr⁶⁺、Hg²⁺外,植物高度基本不受重金属胁迫的影响.芦竹在高浓度(100mg·kg^-1)Cr⁶⁺污染环境中耐性较弱,表现出生长缓慢,部分地下茎腐烂,叶片短时间内出现枯萎等症状.结果还表明,土壤中重金属浓度随植物生长期增长而降低,除被植物吸收,植物挥发外,还存在着重金属向根际圈环境迁移的趋势,根周边湿土中重金属含量,明显高于试验缸外围湿土中重金属含量.可以认为,芦竹具有生物量大,根系发达,适应性强等特点,对修复湿地重金属污染蕴藏着巨大潜力,研究芦竹在植物修复技术中的应用,具有一定的现实意义.

关键词: 芦竹, 重金属污染, 植物修复, 耐性

Abstract: This paper studied the tolerance of Arundo donax grown in a simulated heavy metals polluted wetland,and determined the biological characters and chlorophyll contents of the plant at its different growth stages as well as the changes of soil heavy metals contents.The results showed that Arundo donax could survive in the wetland when the concentrations of Cu²⁺,Pb²⁺,Cd²⁺,Zn²⁺,Ni²⁺ and Hg²⁺ were 100 mg·kg^-1 and Cr⁶⁺ concentration was 50 mg·kg^-1.During 40 days growth period,the chlorophyll content decreased by 20%～56% and the leaf became soft with its tip withered,but the plant still grew.Compared with control,Arundo donax in the polluted wetland was slight and yellow-green,but the impact on plant height was inconspicuous.Arundo donax treated with 100 mg·kg^-1 Cr⁶⁺ grew slowly with its root stock rotted,and its leaves withered in a short time,indicating that the plant could not tolerate the pollution of high concentration Cr⁶⁺.The concentrations of soil heavy metals declined with the growth of the plant,probably due to the translocation of heavy metals from peripheral soil to rhizosphere and the phytoextraction and phytovolatilization,because the heavy metals contents in rhizosphere were much higher than those in the bulk soil in the test jar.The characters of large biomass,exuberant root and good adaptability of Arundo donax suggested its great potential in remediation of polluted soils.The study on the application of Arundo donax to phytoremediation is of realistic significance.

Key words: Arundo donax, Heavy metal pollution, Phytoremediation, Tolerance

中图分类号:

P171.5

韩志萍, 胡正海. 芦竹对不同重金属耐性的研究[J]. 应用生态学报, 2005, 16(1): 161-165.

HAN Zhiping, HU Zhenghai . Tolerance of Arundo donax to heavy metals [J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2005, 16(1): 161-165.

参考文献

[1] AnZ-Z(安志装),ChenT-B(陈同斌), LeiM(雷梅),etal.2003. Tolerance of Pteris uittata L. to Ph, Cu and Zn. Acta Ecol Sin (生态学报), 22 (12):2594～2598 (in Chinese)
[2] Baker AJM, Brooks RR, Pease AJ, et al. 1983. Studies on copper and cobalt tolerance in three closet related tax a with in the genus Silene L. (Caryphllaceae) from Zaire. Plant Soil, 73:377～385
[3] Chaney RL. 1983. Plant uptake of inorganic waste constituents. In:Parr JF, eds. Land Treatment of Hazardous Wastes. Park Ridge,New Jersey, U. S. A.:Noyes Data Corporation. 50～76
[4] Chen T-B(陈同斌), Huang Z-C(黄泽春), Huang Y-Y(黄宇营),et al. 2003. Cellular distribution of arsenic and other elements in hyper accumulator Pteris neruosa and their relations to arsenic accumulation. Chin Sci Bull (科学通报), 48(11):1163～1168 (in Chinese)
[5] Chen T-B(陈同斌),Wei C-Y(韦朝阳),Huang Z-C(黄泽春), et al. 2002. Arsenic hyper accumulator Pteris vittata L. and its arsenic accumulation. Chin Sci Bull (科学通报), 47 (3):207～210(in Chinese)
[6] Dong Y-T(董艺亭),Cui Y-S(崔岩石),Wang Q-R(王庆仁).2003. Uptake of Cd, Zn and Pb by two susceptible plants under mono and multiple-contamination conditions. Acta Ecol Sin (生态学报), 23(5):1018～1024(in Chinese)
[7] Feng B-M(冯保民), Ma M(麻密).2003.Research advance of phytochelatins and phytcchelatin synthesis on heavy metal tolerance. Chin J Appl Environ Biol (应用与环境生物学报), 9(6):657～661(in Chinese)
[8] Institute of Soil Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences(中国科学院南京土壤研究所). 1989. Physical and Chemistry Analysis of Soils.Shanghai:Shanghai Science and Technology Press. (in Chinese)
[9] Jiang X-J(蒋先军), Luo Y-M(骆永明), ZhaoQ-G(赵其国), et al. 2000. Phytoremediation of heavy metal from contaminated soil I. Answer of hyperaccumulator Brassica juncea against copper,zinc, cadmium, lead which bring about pollution in soil. Soil (土壤), 33(2):71～74(in Chinese)
[10] Jiang L -Y(姜理英), Shi W-Y(石伟勇), Yang X-E(杨肖娥), et al. 2002. Cu hyperaccumulators in mining area. Chin J Appl Ecol (应用生态学报), 13 (7):906～908 (in Chinese)
[11] Lou L-Q(娄来清), Shen Z-G(沈振国). 2001. The role of metallothioneins and phytochelatins in heavy metal tolerance of plants. J Biol(生物学杂志), 18(3):1～4(in Chinese)
[12] Li W-P(李卫平), Wang J(王军), Li W(李文), et al. 1995. Application of water hyacinth to the removal of heavy metals from electroplate waste water. Chin J Ecol(生态学杂志), 14(4):30～35(in Chinese)
[13] Liu X-M(刘秀梅), Nie J-H(聂俊华), Wang Q-R(王庆仁).2002.Research on lead uptake and tolerance in six plants. Acta Phytoecol Sin (植物生态学报), 26(5):533～537(in Chinese)
[14] Liao B(廖斌), Deng D-M(邓冬梅), Yang B(杨兵), et al. 2003.Cu tolerance an accumulation in Commelina communis. Acta Sci Circums (环境科学学报), 23 (6):797～801 (in Chinese)
[15] Li W-X(李文学), Chen T-B(陈同斌). 2003. Physiological and molecular biological mechanisms of heavy metal absorption and accumulation in hyperaccumulators. Chin J Appl Ecol (应用生态学报), 14(4):627～631(in Chinese)
[16] MoZ(莫争),WangC-X(王春霞),ChenQ(陈琴),et al.2002. Distribution and enrichment of heavy metals of Cu, Pb, Zn,Cr and Cd in paddy plant. Environ Chem(环境化学),21(2):110～116(in Chinese)
[17] Ni C-Y(倪才英), Chen Y-X(陈荧旭), Luo Y-M(骆永明), et al.2003. Response of Chinese Milkvetch (Astraglus sinicus L.) to heavy metals coercion. China Environ Sci (中国环境科学), 23(5):503～508 (in Chinese)
[18] Su D-C(苏德纯), Wong W-C(黄焕忠). 2002. The phytoremedition potential of oilseed rape(B. junced) as a hyperaccumulator for cadmium contaminated soil. China Environ Sci (中国环境科学), 22 (1):48～51 (in Chinese)
[19] Tang SR, Huang CY, Zhu ZX. 1997. Commelina communis L.:Copper hyperaccumulator found in Anhui Province of China. Pedosphere, 7 (3):207～210
[20] Tang SR, Wilke BM, Huang CY. 1999. The uptake of copper by plants dominantly growing on copper mining spoils along the Yangtze River, the Peoples Republic of China. Plant Soil, 209:225～232
[21] Tie M(铁梅), Liang Y-Q(梁彦秋), Zhang C-H(张朝红), et al. 2002. Distribution characteristics and chemical pattern of cadmium in grasses planted in cadmium contaminated soil. Chin J Appl Ecol (应生态学报), 13(2):175～178(in Chinese)
[22] Wang Q-R(王庆仁), Cui Y-S(崔岩山), Dong Y-T(董艺婷).2001. Phytoremediation an effective approach of heavy metal cleanup from contaminated soil. Acta Ecol Sin (生态学报), 21(2):326～331(in Chinese)
[23] Wei C-Y(韦朝阳), Chen T-B(陈同斌). 2001. Hyperaccumulators and phytoremediation of heavy metal contaminated soil review of studies in China and abroad. Acta Ecol Sin (生态学报), 21 (7):1196～1203(in Chinese)
[24] Wei C-Y(韦朝阳), Chen T-B(陈同斌), Huang Z-C(黄泽春), et al.2002. Cretan brake (Pteris cretica L):An arsenic accumulating plant. Acta Ecol Sin (生态学报), 22(5):777～778(in Chinese)
[25] Wei S-H(魏树和), Zhou Q-X(周启星), Zhang K-S(张凯松), et al. 2003. Roles of rhizosphere in remediation of contaminated soils and its mechanisms. Chin J Appl Ecol (应用生态学报), 14(1):143～147(in Chinese)
[26] Xu Q-S(徐勤松),Shi G-X(施国新),Zhou H-W(周红卫), et al.2003. Effects of Cd and Zn combined pollution on chlorophyll content and scavenging system of activated oxygen in leaves of Ottelia alismoides(L.)Pers. Chin J Ecol(生态学杂志), 22(1):5～8(in Chinese)
[27] Zhang H-Z(张慧智), Liu Y-G(刘云国), Huang B-R(黄宝荣), et al. 2004. A survey of heavy metal content in plants growing on the soil polluted by manganese mine tailings. Chin J Ecol (生态学杂志), 23(1):111～113(in Chinese)
[28] Zhao Z-Q(赵中秋), Chi Y-J(崔玉静), Zhu Y-G(朱永官). 2003.Effects of mycorrhiza and roots exudates on resistance of plants to heavy metals. Chin J Ecol(生态学杂志), 22(6):81～84(in Chinese)