不同干扰强度下针阔混交林树种空间格局及种间关联性

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202106.003

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为了探究不同干扰程度下针阔混交林树种空间格局变化及树种种间关联性,本研究以关帝山庞泉沟自然保护区不同干扰强度的针阔混交林为对象,选取郁闭度、林分密度、伐桩数量作为划分干扰程度的因子,采用相对影响法,将林分划分为未干扰、中度干扰和严重干扰3个等级。利用空间点格局K2函数分析了林分的空间分布格局及其不同树种的种间关联。结果表明: 未干扰样地直径分布呈倒“J”型,中度和严重干扰样地直径分布均为双峰曲线分布。同时,未干扰和中度干扰林分在小尺度上呈现聚集分布,严重干扰的林分随机分布更为显著。针阔树种种间关系表现为未干扰林分在所有尺度上无关联;小尺度上中度干扰表现为正相关,严重干扰林分表现为负相关;较大尺度上中度与严重干扰林分均表现为不相关。说明林分干扰程度越严重,林下小径级林木数量越少,导致小尺度上种内聚集程度越低。同时,适当的干扰程度有利于林分内物种间对环境资源的协同利用。研究揭示了干扰对林分结构的影响,可为林分结构调整及抚育经营提供理论依据。

关键词: 干扰, 空间格局, 种间关联性, 直径结构, K2函数

Abstract: We explored the effects of disturbance densities on the spatial pattern and the association of tree species in the coniferous broadleaved mixed forest in Pangquangou Nature Reserve of Guandi Mountain. Using three factors including canopy density, stand density and number of stumps, we classified the disturbance intensities of different forest stands into three levels, non-disturbance, moderate disturbance, and severe disturbance. The spatial distribution pattern and the association of different tree species were analyzed by spatial point pattern K2 function. The results showed that the diameter distribution of trees in undisturbed plots was inverted ‘J' type, while that of moderate disturbance and serious disturbance plots was under bimodal curve distribution. The stand distribution pattern showed a small-scale aggregated distribution under undisturbed and moderately distur-bance, and a random distribution under heavy disturbance. At the small scale, the coniferous and broadleaved species showed no correlation in undisturbed stands, were positively correlated in moderately disturbed stands, and negatively correlated in seriously disturbed stands. At large scale, they were no correlated in both moderately and seriously disturbed stands. The results suggested that abundance of trees with small diameter in the forests was negatively with disturbance intensity, which led to the lower degree of intraspecific aggregation at small scale. Meanwhile, appropriate levels of disturbance would benefit the collaborative use of environmental resources for trees. Our results revealed the impacts of disturbance density on forest community structure and could provide theoretical basis for forest management.

Key words: disturbance, spatial pattern, interspecific association, diameter structure, K2 function

崔玉华, 韩有志, 张梦弢, 杨秀清, 赵占合. 不同干扰强度下针阔混交林树种空间格局及种间关联性[J]. 应用生态学报, 2021, 32(6): 2053-2060.

CUI Yu-hua, HAN You-zhi, ZHANG Meng-tao, YANG Xiu-qing, ZHAO Zhan-he. Spatial pattern and interspecific association of tree species in coniferous and deciduous broad-leaved mixed forest under different disturbance intensities[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2021, 32(6): 2053-2060.

参考文献

[1] 张金屯. 植被数量生态学方法. 北京: 中国科学技术出版社, 1995: 259-266 [Zhang J-T. 1995. Method of Vegetation Quantitative Ecology. Beijing: China Science and Technology Press, 1995: 259-266]
[2] 何见, 肖正利, 陈卫军, 等. 天然次生阔叶混交林空间结构特征分析——以湖北省远安县为例. 中南林业科技大学学报, 2020, 40(8): 7-16 [He J, Xiao Z-L, Chen W-J, et al. Analysis of spatial structure chara-cteristics of natural secondary broad-leaved mixed forest: Taking Yuan'an County of Hubei Province as an example. Journal of Central South University of Forestry Science and Technology, 2020, 40(8): 7-16]
[3] 马芳, 王顺忠, 冯金朝, 等. 北京东灵山优势种群树木死亡对空间格局与生境的影响. 生态学报, 2018, 38(21): 7669-7678 [Ma F, Wang S-Z, Feng J-C, et al. Spatial distribution patterns of snag and standing trees in a warm temperate deciduous broad-leaved forest in Dongling Mountain, Beijing. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2018, 38(21): 7669-7678]
[4] 胡艳波, 惠刚盈, 王宏翔, 等. 随机分布的角尺度置信区间及其应用. 林业科学研究, 2014, 27(3): 302-308 [Hu Y-B, Hui G-Y, Wang H-X, et al. Uniform angle index (W) confidence interval of the random distribution and its application. Forest Research, 2014, 27(3): 302-308]
[5] 张金屯. 植物种群空间分布的点格局分析. 植物生态学报, 1998, 22(4): 57-62 [Zhang J-T. Analysis of spatial point pattern for plant species. Acta Phytoecologica Sinica, 1998, 22(4): 57-62]
[6] 刘妍妍, 金光泽. 小兴安岭阔叶红松林粗木质残体空间分布的点格局分析. 生态学报, 2010, 30(22): 6072-6081 [Liu Y-Y, Jin G-Z. Spatial point pattern analysis for coarse woody debris in a mixed broadleaved-Korean pine forest in Xiaoxing'an Mountains, China. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2010, 30(22): 6072-6081]
[7] 赖江山, 米湘成, 任海保, 等. 基于多元回归树的常绿阔叶林群丛数量分类——以古田山24公顷森林样地为例. 植物生态学报, 2010, 34(7): 761-769 [Lai J-S, Mi X-C, Ren H-B, et al. Numerical classification of associations in subtropical evergreen broad-leaved forest based on multivariate regression trees: A case study of 24 hm² Gutianshan forest plot in China. Chinese Journal of Plant Ecology, 2010, 34(7): 761-769]
[8] Fuentes-Santos I, Marey-Pérez MF, González-Manteiga W. Forest fire spatial pattern analysis in Galicia (NW Spain). Journal of Environmental Management, 2013, 128: 30-42
[9] Gupta SD, Pinno BD. Spatial patterns and competition in trees in early successional reclaimed and natural boreal forests. Acta Oecologica, 2018, 92: 138-147
[10] Marozas V, Racinskas J, Bartkecicius E. Dynamics of ground vegetation after surface fires in hemiboreal Pinus sylvestris forests. Forest Ecology and Management, 2007, 250: 47-55
[11] Collins SL, Glenn SM, Gibson DJ. Experimental analysis of intermediate disturbance and initial floristic composition: Decoupling cause and effect. Ecology, 1995, 76: 486-492
[12] 左政, 郑小贤. 不同干扰等级下常绿阔叶次生林林分结构及树种多样性. 浙江农林大学学报, 2019, 36(1): 21-30 [Zuo Z, Zheng X-X. Forest structure and tree species diversity across a disturbance gradient in evergreen broadleaved secondary forests. Journal of Zhejiang Agricultural and Forestry University, 2019, 36(1): 21-30]
[13] 贺翔, 徐长林, 宋美娟, 等. 东祁连山金露梅灌丛不同恢复期碳储量和土壤养分变化. 草业科学, 2019, 36(3): 612-622 [He X, Xu C-L, Song M-J, et al. Study on carbon storage and soil nutrient changes at different restoration stages of Potentilla parvifolia shrubs in Eastern Qilian Mountains. Pratacultural Science, 2019, 36(3): 612-622]
[14] 秦舟, 韩有志, 张梦弢, 等. 华北落叶松林分空间格局及种间关联性研究. 林业资源管理, 2019(4): 80-85 [Qin Z, Han Y-Z, Zhang M-T, et al. Study on spatial pattern and interspecific correlation of Larix princi-pis-rupprechtii forest. Forest Resources Management, 2019(4): 80-85]
[15] 孙向阳, 殷建华. 山西省关帝山林区灌丛植被下土壤的发生分类. 林业科技通讯, 1994(1): 12-13 [Sun X-Y, Yin J-H. Occurrence and classification of soil under shrub vegetation in Guandi Mountain forest area of Shanxi Province. Forest Science and Technology Communication, 1994(1): 12-13]
[16] 杨秀清, 史婵, 王旭刚, 等. 关帝山寒温性云杉次生林样地树种组成、结构和空间分布. 应用生态学报, 2017, 28(5): 1421-1430 [Yang X-Q, Shi C, Wang X-G, et al. Species composition, structure and spatial distribution of secondary cold-temperate Picea forest in Guandi Mountain, China. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2017, 28(5): 1421-1430]
[17] Sweeney OFM, Martin RD, Irwin S, et al. A lack oflarge-diameter logs and snags characterises deadwood patterns in Irish forests. Forest Ecology and Management, 2010, 259: 2056-2064
[18] Sagar R, Raghubanshi AS, Singh JS. Tree species composition, dispersion and diversity along a disturbance gradient in a dry tropical forest region of India. Forest Ecology and Management, 2003, 186: 61-71
[19] 张东旭, 程金花, 王伟, 等. 基于O-ring统计的公路边坡土壤优先流路径分布分析. 农业工程学报, 2017, 33(4): 161-168 [Zhang D-X, Cheng J-H, Wang W, et al. Distribution characteristic analysis of preferential flow paths in highway slope soils based on O-ring statistic. Transactions of the Chinese Society of Agricultural Engineering, 2017, 33(4): 161-168]
[20] 王鑫厅, 柴静, 姜超, 等. 典型草原大针茅种群空间格局及对长期过度放牧的响应. 生物多样性, 2020, 28(2): 128-134 [Wang X-T, Chai J, Jiang C, et al. Population spatial pattern of Stipa grandis and its response to long-term overgrazing. Biodiversity Science, 2020, 28(2): 128-134]
[21] 常伟, 党坤良, 武朋辉, 等. 秦岭林区锐齿栎次生林种群空间分布格局. 生态学报, 2016, 36(4): 1021-1029 [Chang W, Dang K-L, Wu P-H, et al. Spatial pattern of secondary Quercus aliena var. acuteserrata forests in the Qinling Mountains. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2016, 36(4): 1021-1029]
[22] 杨华, 李艳丽, 沈林, 等. 长白山云冷杉针阔混交林主要树种空间分布及其关联性. 生态学报, 2014, 34(16): 4698-4706 [Yang H, Li Y-L, Shen L, et al. Spatial distributions and associations of main tree species in a spruce-fir forest in the Changbai Mountains area in northeastern China. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2014, 34(16): 4698-4706]
[23] 吴晓永, 杨华, 吕延杰, 等. 云杉-白桦混交林结构特征分析. 北京林业大学学报, 2019, 41(1): 64-72 [Wu X-Y, Yang H, Lyu Y-J, et al. Spatial distributions and associations of main tree species in a spruce-fir forest in the Changbai Mountains area in northeastern China. Journal of Beijing Forestry University, 2019, 41(1): 64-72]
[24] 罗德光. 不同强度人为干扰对马尾松林分结构及物种多样性的影响. 福建林业科技, 2005(4): 90-94 [Luo D-G. Effects of different strength of man-made disturbs on Pinus massoniana stand structure and species diversity. Journal of Fujian Forestry Science and Technology, 2005(4): 90-94]
[25] 张笑菁, 赵秀海, 康峰峰, 等. 太岳山油松天然林林木的空间格局. 生态学报, 2010, 30(18): 4821-4827 [Zhang X-J, Zhao X-H, Kang F-F, et al. Spatial pattern of the trees in a natural Pinus tabuliformis forest in Taiyue Mountain. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2010, 30(18): 4821-4827]
[26] 姚杰, 张春雨, 赵秀海. 吉林蛟河阔叶红松林树种空间分布格局及其种间关联性. 林业科学, 2018, 54(8): 23-31 [Yao J, Zhang C-Y, Zhao X-H. Species spatial distribution patterns and species associations in a broad-leaved Korean pine forest in Jiaohe, Jilin Pro-vince. Scientia Silvae Sinicae, 2018, 54(8): 23-31]
[27] 胡满, 曾思齐, 龙时胜. 青冈栎次生林主要树种空间分布格局及其关联性研究. 中南林业科技大学学报, 2019, 39(6): 66-71 [Hu M, Zeng S-Q, Long S-S. Spatial distribution patterns and associations of the main tree species in Cyclobalanopsis glauca secondary forest. Journal of Central South University of Forestry and Technology, 2019, 39(6): 66-71]
[28] 闫海冰, 马慧晶, 冯帆, 等. 不同区域典型树木的空间分布格局及关联性. 应用生态学报, 2018, 29(2): 369-379 [Yan H-B, Ma H-J, Feng F, et al. Spatial distribution patterns and associations of typical tree species in different regions. Chinese Journal of Applied Eco-logy, 2018, 29(2): 369-379]
[29] 刘宪钊, 王金龙, 李卫珍, 等. 人为干扰对油松天然林空间分布格局的影响. 东北林业大学学报, 2017, 45(3): 13-16 [Liu X-Z, Wang J-L, Li W-Z, et al. Spatial distributions of Pinus tabuliformis nature forest under human-caused disturbance. Journal of Northeast Forestry University, 2017, 45(3): 13-16]
[30] 兰航宇, 段文标, 陈立新, 等. 小兴安岭天然针阔混交林主要树种空间格局及其关联性. 生态学报, 2019, 39(18): 6660-6669 [Lan H-Y, Duan W-B, Chen L-X, et al. Spatial point patterns and associations of populations in the coniferous and deciduous broadleaved mixed forest in Xiaoxing'an Mountain. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2019, 39(18): 6660-6669]
[31] Condit R, Ashton PS, Baker P, et al. Spatial patterns in the distribution of tropical tree species. Science, 2000, 288: 1414-1418
[32] 李鲜花, 韩有志, 刘永华. 不同干扰强度林分云杉幼苗更新空间格局研究. 湖北农业科学, 2008(8): 927-929 [Li X-H, Han Y-Z, Liu Y-H. Study on regeneration spatial pattern of Picea wilsonii in woodlands with different disturbance intensity. Hubei Agricultural Sciences, 2008(8): 927-929]
[33] 张梦弢, 张青, 亢新刚, 等. 长白山云冷杉林不同演替阶段群落稳定性. 应用生态学报, 2015, 26(6): 1609-1616 [Zhang M-T, Zhang Q, Kang X-G, et al. Community stability for spruce-fir forest at different succession stages in Changbai Mountains, Northeast China. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2015, 26(6): 1609-1616]