基于土壤质量指数法的枇杷园土壤健康评价

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202410.013

应用生态学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (10): 2775-2784.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202410.013

基于土壤质量指数法的枇杷园土壤健康评价

崔鑫涛^1,6, 肖谋良², 赵玉枭^1,6, 吴愉萍³, 吴碧波⁴, 齐琳³, 李和孟⁴, 余朝旭⁵, 鲁顺保¹, 张艳杰^1*, 葛体达⁶

¹江西师范大学生命科学学院, 南昌 330022;
²浙江农林大学环境与资源学院, 亚热带森林培育国家重点实验室, 杭州 311300;
³宁波市农业农村绿色发展中心, 浙江宁波 315016;
⁴宁海县林特技术推广站, 浙江宁波 315601;
⁵象山县农业农村绿色发展中心, 浙江宁波 315700;
⁶宁波大学植物病毒学研究所, 农产品质量安全危害因子与风险防控国家重点实验室, 浙江宁波 315211

收稿日期:2024-04-02 接受日期:2024-08-14 出版日期:2024-10-18 发布日期:2025-04-18
通讯作者: * E-mail: yanjiezhang0710@126.com
作者简介:崔鑫涛, 男, 1998年生, 硕士研究生。主要从事土壤肥力培育研究。E-mail: 202140100798@jxnu.edu.cn
基金资助:
宁波市公益性科技计划项目(2021S013)、象山县科技计划项目(2022C1018)和国家自然科学基金项目(32260297)

Soil health evaluation of loquat orchard based on soil quality index method

CUI Xintao^1,6, XIAO Mouliang², ZHAO Yuxiao^1,6, WU Yuping³, WU Bibo⁴, QI Lin³, LI Hemeng⁴, YU Chaoxu⁵, LU Shunbao¹, ZHANG Yanjie^1*, GE Tida⁶

¹College of Life Science, Jiangxi Normal University, Nanchang 330022, China;
²State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Forest Cultivation, College of Environment and Resources, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China;
³Ningbo Agricultural and Rural Green Development Center, Ningbo 315016, Zhejiang, China;
⁴Ninghai County Forestry Specialty Technology Promotion Station, Ningbo 315601, Zhejiang, China;
⁵Xiangshan Agricultural and Rural Green Development Center, Ningbo 315700, Zhejiang, China;
⁶State Key Laboratory for Managing Biotic and Chemical Threats to the Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Institute of Plant Virology, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315211, Zhejiang, China

Received:2024-04-02 Accepted:2024-08-14 Online:2024-10-18 Published:2025-04-18

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 果园经过长时间种植后,果实品质、产量均会出现下降。分析不同种植年限下果园土壤质量的变化,明确造成果园土壤质量下降的关键因素,可为优化果园土壤施肥管理提供科学依据。本研究以浙江省宁海县不同种植年限下(＜10年、10～15年、15～20年、≥20年)枇杷果园土壤为研究对象,分析土壤物理、化学和生物学性质的变化,并运用土壤质量指数、多功能性指数、敏感性和抗性指标,对不同种植年限的枇杷果园土壤进行健康评价。结果表明: 种植年限为10～15年和≥20年的果园土壤容重分别比＜10年的果园土壤提高12.8%和13.6%。10～15年、15～20年和≥20年的果园土壤pH与＜10年的相比分别下降8.8%、8.6%和7.5%。随着种植年限的增加,果园土壤微生物生物量碳、可溶性有机碳、可溶性有机氮、有效磷、有效钾、总有机碳、全氮等养分和有机碳组分均有不同程度的下降,果园土壤质量和多功能性指数下降。相较于＜10年的果园,土壤质量指数和多功能性指数在种植10～15年时分别下降20.4%和17.9%,在15～20年时分别下降38.1%和25.2%,种植年限≥20年时分别下降50.7%和35.5%。随机森林模型分析发现,土壤可溶性氮、有效钾、有效磷等有效态养分是影响枇杷果园土壤质量变化的关键因子;而有效态养分中,铵态氮和硝态氮是果园土壤相对敏感的指标。枇杷果园长期种植使土壤质量持续降低、有效养分含量下降。

关键词: 果园土壤, 土壤质量, 土壤养分, 土壤健康评价, 枇杷

Abstract: Fruit quality and yield in orchards will decrease after long-term planting. To analyze the changes of soil quality under different planting years and identify the key factors of the declining of orchard soil quality could provide scientific foundation for optimizing fertilization management of orchard soil. In this study, we analyzed the changes of soil physical, chemical, and biological properties of loquat orchard under different planting years (<10 years, 10-15 years, 15-20 years, ≥20 years) in Ninghai County, Zhejiang Province, and evaluated soil health by using soil quality index, multifunctionality index, and sensitivity and resistance indicators. The results showed that, compared with the orchards planting less than 10 years, soil bulk density in the orchards with planting years of 10-15 years and over 20 years increased by 12.8% and 13.6%, respectively. Soil pH decreased by 8.8%, 8.6%, and 7.5% in the orchards with planting years of 10-15 years, 15-20 years and over 20 years, respectively. With the increase of planting years, soil microbial biomass carbon, soluble organic carbon, soluble organic nitrogen, available phosphorus, available potassium, total organic carbon, total nitrogen decreased, and the soil quality and multifunctionality index of loquat orchard soil decreased. Compared with the orchards planting less than 10 years, soil quality index and soil multifunctionality index decreased by 20.4% and 17.9% for the orchards with the planting years of 10-15 years, 38.1% and 25.2% for the orchards with the planting years between 15-20 years, and 50.7% and 35.5% for the orchards planting over 20 years, respectively. The key factors affecting soil quality of loquat orchards were soil soluble nitrogen, available potassium, and available phosphorus. Amongst the available nutrients, NH₄⁺ and NO₃^- were the sensitive indices in orchard soil. In conclusion, long-term planting decreased soil quality and available nutrient content in loquat orchards.

Key words: orchard soil, soil quality, soil nutrient, soil health evaluation, loquat

崔鑫涛, 肖谋良, 赵玉枭, 吴愉萍, 吴碧波, 齐琳, 李和孟, 余朝旭, 鲁顺保, 张艳杰, 葛体达. 基于土壤质量指数法的枇杷园土壤健康评价[J]. 应用生态学报, 2024, 35(10): 2775-2784.

CUI Xintao, XIAO Mouliang, ZHAO Yuxiao, WU Yuping, WU Bibo, QI Lin, LI Hemeng, YU Chaoxu, LU Shunbao, ZHANG Yanjie, GE Tida. Soil health evaluation of loquat orchard based on soil quality index method[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2024, 35(10): 2775-2784.

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基于土壤质量指数法的枇杷园土壤健康评价

Soil health evaluation of loquat orchard based on soil quality index method

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