土壤调理剂缓解玉米盐碱胁迫损伤效应

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202411.013

应用生态学报 ›› 2024, Vol. 35 ›› Issue (11): 3053-3062.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202411.013

土壤调理剂缓解玉米盐碱胁迫损伤效应

赫文文^1,2,3, 岳健敏^1,2,3*, 王伏琴^1,2,3, 李阳^1,2,3, 马国军^1,2,3, 郭俊驿^1,2,3

¹宁夏大学生态环境学院, 银川 750021;
²宁夏大学西北退化生态系统恢复与重建教育部重点实验室, 银川 750021;
³宁夏大学西北土地退化与生态恢复国家重点实验室培育基地, 银川 750021

收稿日期:2024-05-07 修回日期:2024-09-04 出版日期:2024-11-18 发布日期:2025-05-18
通讯作者: *E-mail: jianminyue@nxu.edu.cn
作者简介:赫文文, 女, 1999年生, 硕士研究生。主要从事困难立地生态修复研究。E-mail: hww201805@163.com
基金资助:
国家重点研发计划项目(2021YFD1900600)、黄河上游河套灌区节水控盐产能提升技术筛选与模式装配及优化研究项目(2021YFD1900604)、宁夏自然科学基金优青项目(2022AAC05005)和宁夏自然科学基金重点研发项目(2021BEG02010)

Effect of soil conditioner on alleviating saline-alkali stress damage of maize.

HE Wenwen^1,2,3, YUE Jianmin^1,2,3*, WANG Fuqin^1,2,3, LI Yang^1,2,3, MA Guojun^1,2,3, GUO Junyi^1,2,3

¹School of Ecology and Environment, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China;
²Key Laboratory for Restoration and Reconstruction of Degraded Ecosystem in Northwest China of Ministry of Education, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China;
³Breeding Base for State Key Laboratory of Land Degradation and Ecological Restoration in Northwest China, Ningxia University, Yinchuan 750021, China

Received:2024-05-07 Revised:2024-09-04 Online:2024-11-18 Published:2025-05-18

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 近年来,土壤调理剂在改良盐碱土、促进作物生长方面具有良好效果。为探究土壤调理剂提高玉米盐碱胁迫适应性的效应及其生理机制,本研究于2022年在宁夏平罗县六中村开展田间随机区组试验,以“先玉1255”玉米作为供试材料,设置4个调理剂处理: T₀(不施加调理剂,对照)、T₁(腐殖酸)、T₂(微硅粉+木醋液)、T₃(腐殖酸+木醋液+微硅粉),研究土壤调理剂对盐碱胁迫下玉米抗氧化能力、关键酶活性以及光合荧光特性的影响。结果表明:与对照相比,土壤调理剂可增强玉米叶片的抗氧化能力、关键酶活性及光合荧光特性,其中两个生育期(拔节期-大喇叭期和灌浆期)内各处理叶片的超氧阴离子清除率、超氧化物歧化酶活性均显著增加,丙二醛含量显著降低;拔节期-大喇叭口期各处理叶片的水通道蛋白活性显著增强,T₂、T₃处理叶片的蒸腾速率、净光合速率、气孔导度、非光化学淬灭系数、表观光合电子传递速率、实际光化学效率显著增强,胞间二氧化碳浓度显著降低;灌浆期各处理叶片的羟自由基清除率和初始荧光显著增加;各指标以T₃处理的效果最好。结构方程模型和隶属函数分析表明,土壤调理剂可增强玉米的抗氧化体系和水通道蛋白活性表达,减少膜脂过氧化,促进气孔导度增加,提高玉米光合性能,进而增强玉米盐碱抗性,其中以腐殖酸、木醋液和微硅粉配施效果最佳。

关键词: 土壤调理剂, 玉米, 盐碱胁迫, 生理机制

Abstract: Soil conditioners are efficacy in ameliorating saline-alkali soils and fostering crop growth. To explore the effect and physiological mechanism of soil conditioner on improving the adaptability of maize to saline-alkali stress, we conducted a field randomized block experiment in Liuzhong Village, Pingluo County, Ningxia Province in 2022. We investigated the variations of antioxidant capacity, key enzyme activities and photosynthetic fluorescence properties of maize induced by soil conditioners under saline-alkali stress, with “Xianyu 1255” maize as the experimental material under four treatments: T₀(no conditioner, control), T₁(humic acid), T₂(microsilica fume + wood vine-gar solution), T₃(humic acid + wood vinegar solution + microsilica fume). The results showed that soil conditioner could enhance the antioxidant capacity, key enzyme activity and photosynthetic fluorescence characteristics of maize leaves. The superoxide anion scavenging rate and superoxide dismutase activity of each treatment in the two growth stages (jointing stage-big flare stage and grain filling stage) were significantly increased and the content of malon-dialdehyde was significantly decreased. The aquaporin activity of each treatment in the jointing stage-big flare stage was significantly enhanced. Transpiration rate, net photosynthetic rate, stomatal conductance, non-photochemical quenching coefficient, apparent synthetic electron transfer rate and actual photochemical efficiency were significantly enhanced, while the intercellular carbon dioxide concentration was significantly decreased in T₂ and T₃ treatments. The hydroxyl radical scavenging rate and initial fluorescence of each treatment were significantly increased in each treatment at the grain filling stage. T₃ performed the best. Structural equation modeling and membership function analysis confirmed that soil conditioners could bolster the antioxidant system and aquaporin activity in maize, mitigate membrane lipid peroxidation, enhance stomatal conductance, and improve photosynthesis, thereby improve the resistance of maize to saline-alkali. The combined application of humic acid, wood vinegar, and microsilica fume was the most effective one.

Key words: soil conditioner, maize, saline-alkali stress, physiological mechanism

赫文文, 岳健敏, 王伏琴, 李阳, 马国军, 郭俊驿. 土壤调理剂缓解玉米盐碱胁迫损伤效应[J]. 应用生态学报, 2024, 35(11): 3053-3062.

HE Wenwen, YUE Jianmin, WANG Fuqin, LI Yang, MA Guojun, GUO Junyi. Effect of soil conditioner on alleviating saline-alkali stress damage of maize.[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2024, 35(11): 3053-3062.

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土壤调理剂缓解玉米盐碱胁迫损伤效应

Effect of soil conditioner on alleviating saline-alkali stress damage of maize.

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