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应用生态学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (5): 1422-1430.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202504.008

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施氮量对稻茬小麦弱筋生产性能的影响

佟汉文1, 李朝苏2, 刘易科1, 付鹏浩1, 邹娟1, 吴波1,3, 朱展望1*, 张平4   

  1. 1湖北省农业科学院粮食作物研究所, 武汉 430064;
    2四川省农业科学院作物研究所, 成都 610066;
    3湖北汇楚智生物科技有限公司, 武汉 430064;
    4湖北省南漳县清河管理区农业技术推广站, 湖北南漳 441522
  • 收稿日期:2024-08-09 修回日期:2025-03-08 出版日期:2025-05-18 发布日期:2025-11-18
  • 通讯作者: *E-mail: zhuzhanwang@163.com
  • 作者简介:佟汉文, 女, 1980年生, 副研究员。主要从事高产高效小麦新品种选育及其配套栽培技术研究。E-mail: tonghanwen@126.com
  • 基金资助:
    湖北省技术创新计划项目(2024BBB007)、湖北省科技重大专项(2022ABA001)和国家小麦产业技术体系项目(CARS-03)

Effect of nitrogen application rate on the production of weak-gluten wheat in rice stubble system

TONG Hanwen1, LI Chaosu2, LIU Yike1, FU Penghao1, ZOU Juan1, WU Bo1,3, ZHU Zhanwang1*, ZHANG Ping4   

  1. 1Food Crops Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Wuhan 430064, China;
    2Crop Research Institute, Sichuan Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Chengdu 610066, China;
    3Hubei Huichuzhi Biological Technology Co., Ltd., Wuhan 430064, China;
    4Nanzhang Qinghe Agricultural Technology Extension Center, Nanzhang 441522, Hubei, China
  • Received:2024-08-09 Revised:2025-03-08 Online:2025-05-18 Published:2025-11-18

摘要: 弱筋小麦生产以较低的蛋白质和湿面筋含量为优质目标,产量和品质对施氮量的需求存在矛盾。本试验在长江中游稻茬麦区连续两年研究了施氮量(0、45、90、135、180和225 kg·hm-2)对4个小麦品种(川麦104、绵麦367、蜀麦1671和西科麦8号)弱筋生产性能的影响。结果表明:与年度和品种相比,施氮量对小麦单位面积穗数、穗粒数、倒二叶SPAD值、氮肥偏生产力、蛋白质和湿面筋含量的影响更显著。随施氮量的增加,平均籽粒产量、单位面积穗数、穗粒数和上二叶SPAD值呈增加趋势,千粒重和氮肥偏生产力呈降低趋势,氮肥农学利用率先升后降,在90 kg·hm-2施氮量达到最高值,而蛋白质和湿面筋含量先降后升,均在45 kg·hm-2施氮量达到最低值。施氮量>180 kg·hm-2后,4个品种籽粒产量两年度均无显著增加。施氮量≤135 kg·hm-2时,绵麦367的蛋白质和湿面筋含量两年度均符合优质弱筋小麦标准,籽粒产量可达6030 kg·hm-2;施氮量≤90 kg·hm-2时,川麦104、蜀麦1671和西科麦8号的蛋白质和湿面筋含量两年度均符合优质弱筋小麦标准,籽粒产量分别达5550、5397和5066 kg·hm-2。相关分析表明,籽粒产量与单位面积穗数和穗粒数,蛋白质含量与上二叶SPAD值均呈极显著正相关。综上,稻茬小麦弱筋生产中量质协同的适宜施氮量为90~135 kg·hm-2,4个品种中绵麦367表现更优。提高单位面积穗数和穗粒数、降低上二叶SPAD值是长江中游稻茬小麦弱筋生产的品种选择和氮肥施用目标。

关键词: 长江中游, 稻茬小麦, 施氮量, 籽粒产量, 弱筋

Abstract: Weak-gluten wheat production prioritizes reduced grain protein content and wet gluten content as quality targets, creating a yield-quality trade-off under nitrogen (N) fertilization. We conducted a two-year field experiment in the rice stubble wheat system of the middle Yangtze River basin to evaluate the effects of six N application rates (0, 45, 90, 135, 180, and 225 kg·hm-2) on four wheat cultivars (Chuanmai 104, Mianmai 367, Shumai 1671, and Xikemai 8). The results showed that compared to annual variations and cultivar differences, N application exerted stronger influence on spike number per unit area (SA), kernels per spike (KS), SPAD value of penultimate leaf, nitrogen partial factor productivity (PFPN), protein content, and wet gluten content. Increasing N rates enhanced grain yield, SA, KS, and SPAD value of the upper two leaves (SPADS), and reduced 1000-kernel weight and PFPN. Agricultural nitrogen use efficiency (AFUEN) peaked at 90 kg N·hm-2, whereas protein content and wet gluten content reached minima at 45 kg·hm-2 before rising with higher N inputs. Yield for any cultivar was not significantly increased in both years when N exceeded 180 kg·hm-2. Mianmai 367 consistently met weak-gluten quality standards (protein content <12.0%, wet gluten content <24.0%) at N rates ≤135 kg·hm-2 across both years, achieving grain yield of 6030 kg·hm-2. Chuanmai 104, Shumai 1671, and Xikemai 8 required stricter N limitations (≤90 kg·hm-2), with a yield of 5550, 5397, and 5066 kg·hm-2 respectively. Grain yield showed significant positive correlations with SA and KS, while protein content was positively correlated with SPADS. In summary, the optimal N application range to synchronize yield and weak-gluten quality was 90-135 kg·hm-2, with Mianmai 367 as the most suitable cultivar. Enhancing spike number per unit area and kernels per spike while reducing SPADS should guide cultivar selection and N management for weak-gluten wheat production.

Key words: the middle reaches of the Yangtze River, wheat in rice stubble, nitrogen application rate, grain yield, weak-gluten