
应用生态学报 ›› 2023, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (1): 277-288.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202212.033
• 综合评述 • 上一篇
邱雨1,2,3, 马增岭1,2,3, 张子怡3, 陈宇涛3, 秦文莉1,2,3, 贾阳1,2,3, 王敏1,2,3*
收稿日期:2021-08-26
修回日期:2022-03-21
出版日期:2023-01-15
发布日期:2023-06-15
通讯作者:
*E-mail: Minw@wzu.edu.cn
作者简介:邱 雨, 女, 1996年生, 硕士研究生。主要从事微囊藻毒素的生态毒理学研究。E-mail: 194511381320@stu.wzu.edu.cn
QIU Yu1,2,3, MA Zeng-ling1,2,3, ZHANG Zi-yi3, CHEN Yu-tao3, QIN Wen-li1,2,3, JIA Yang1,2,3, WANG Min1,2,3*
Received:2021-08-26
Revised:2022-03-21
Online:2023-01-15
Published:2023-06-15
摘要: 有毒蓝藻产生的蓝藻毒素对淡水生态系统构成了严重的全球性环境威胁,其中微囊藻毒素(MCs)是所有蓝藻毒素中分布最广、危害最大的一类肝毒素。MCs已对水生态系统的结构、功能和稳定性造成了不良影响,并对人类健康构成威胁。本文综述了当前MCs在水体、沉积物和水生动物体内的分布,以及MCs的生物毒性机制,在此基础上,总结了MCs对水生动物、水生植物及陆生植物的生态毒理效应,及其引发的人类健康风险,并关注了MCs的生物防治方法。最后,针对当前MCs相关研究领域中存在的不足提出展望,旨在为淡水水体中MCs的风险评估与治理管控提供参考。
邱雨, 马增岭, 张子怡, 陈宇涛, 秦文莉, 贾阳, 王敏. 水生态系统中微囊藻毒素的分布及其生态毒理效应研究进展[J]. 应用生态学报, 2023, 34(1): 277-288.
QIU Yu, MA Zeng-ling, ZHANG Zi-yi, CHEN Yu-tao, QIN Wen-li, JIA Yang, WANG Min. Research advance in the distribution and ecotoxicological effects of microcystins in aquatic ecosystem[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2023, 34(1): 277-288.
| [1] 甘南琴, 魏念, 宋立荣. 微囊藻毒素生物学功能研究进展. 湖泊科学, 2017, 29(1): 1-8 [2] Svircev Z, Lalic D, Bojadzija Savic G, et al. Global geographical and historical overview of cyanotoxin distribution and cyanobacterial poisonings. Archives of Toxico-logy, 2019, 93: 2429-2481 [3] Meriluoto J, Spoof L, Codd GA. Handbook of cyanobacterial monitoring and cyanotoxin analysis. Advances in Oceanography and Limnology, 2017, 8: 335-338 [4] Carbis CR, Rawlin GT, Mitchell GF, et al. The histopathology of carp, Cyprinus carpio L., exposed to microcystins by gavage, immersion and intraperitoneal admi-nistration. Journal of Fish Diseases, 1996, 19: 199-207 [5] 王敏. 微囊藻产毒种群生长和毒素合成的生态生理学研究. 博士论文. 合肥: 中国科学技术大学, 2019 [6] Schreidah CM, Ratnayake K, Senarath K, et al. Microcystins: Biogenesis, toxicity, analysis, and control. Chemical Research in Toxicology, 2020, 33: 2225-2246 [7] Pham TL, Utsumi M. An overview of the accumulation of microcystins in aquatic ecosystems. Journal of Environmental Management, 2018, 213: 520-529 [8] Ibelings BW, Backer LC, Kardinaal WE, et al. Current approaches to cyanotoxin risk assessment and risk management around the globe. Harmful Algae, 2015, 49: 63-74 [9] Song H, Coggins LX, Reichwaldt ES, et al. The importance of lake sediments as a pathway for microcystin dynamics in shallow eutrophic lakes. Toxins, 2015, 7: 900-918 [10] Amé MV, Galanti LN, Menone ML, et al. Microcystin-LR, -RR, -YR and -LA in water samples and fishes from a shallow lake in Argentina. Harmful Algae, 2010, 9: 66-73 [11] Peng L, Liu Y, Chen W, et al. Health risks associated with consumption of microcystin-contaminated fish and shellfish in three Chinese lakes: Significance for freshwater aquacultures. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 2010, 73: 1804-1811 [12] Zhang J, Wang Z, Song ZY, et al. Bioaccumulation of microcystins in two freshwater gastropods from a cyanobacteria-bloom plateau lake, Lake Dianchi. Environmental Pollution, 2012, 164: 227-234 [13] 舒秀波, 谢丽强, 万翔, 等. 太湖梅梁湾水体及沉积物中微囊藻毒素含量垂向分布特征. 湖泊科学, 2019, 31(4): 976-987 [14] Gurbuz F, Uzunmehmetoglu OY, Diler O, et al. Occurrence of microcystins in water, bloom, sediment and fish from a public water supply. Science of the Total Environment, 2016, 562: 860-868 [15] Jiang X, Xie J, Xu Y, et al. Increasing dominance of small zooplankton with toxic cyanobacteria. Freshwater Biology, 2017, 62: 429-443 [16] Kim M, Kim D, Kim J, et al. Distribution of microcystins in environmental multimedia and their bioaccumulation characteristics in marine benthic organisms in the Geum River Estuary, South Korea. Science of the Total Environment, 2020, 757: 143815 [17] Zastepa A, Taranu ZE, Kimpe LE, et al. Reconstructing a long-term record of microcystins from the analysis of lake sediments. Science of the Total Environment, 2017, 579: 893-901 [18] Trainer VL, Hardy FJ. Integrative monitoring of marine and freshwater harmful algae in Washington State for public health protection. Toxins, 2015, 7: 1206-1234 [19] Umehara A, Komorita T, Tai A, et al. Short-term dynamics of cyanobacterial toxins (microcystins) following a discharge from a coastal reservoir in Isahaya Bay, Japan. Marine Pollution Bulletin, 2015, 92: 73-79 [20] 黄会, 刘慧慧, 李佳蔚, 等. 水产品中微囊藻毒素检测方法及污染状况研究进展. 中国渔业质量与标准, 2019, 9(2): 34-45 [21] Sotton B, Guillard J, Anneville O, et al. Trophic transfer of microcystins through the lake pelagic food web: Evidence for the role of zooplankton as a vector in fish contamination. Science of the Total Environment, 2014, 466-467: 152-163 [22] Ferrao-Filho AD, Kozlowsky-Suzuki B, Azevedo SM. Accumulation of microcystins by a tropical zooplankton community. Aquatic Toxicology, 2002, 59: 201-208 [23] Ibelings BW, Bruning K, Jonge JD, et al. Distribution of microcystins in a lake foodweb: No evidence for biomagnification. Microbial Ecology, 2005, 49: 487-500 [24] Pawlik-Skowronska B, Toporowska M, Mazur-Marzec H. Effects of secondary metabolites produced by different cyanobacterial populations on the freshwater zooplankters Brachionus calyciflorus and Daphnia pulex. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2019, 26: 11793-11804 [25] Fernandez R, Nandini S, Sarma SSS, et al. Demographic responses of Heterocypris incongruens (Ostracoda) rela-ted to stress factors of competition, predation and food. Journal of Limnology, 2016, 75: 31-38 [26] 陈修报, 杨健, 刘洪波, 等. 淡水贝类观察——生物阐释水污染和毒理的创新手段. 湖泊科学, 2021, 33(1): 11-27 [27] Elena B, Vittoria VM, Tiziana S, et al. Microcystins presence in mussels (M. galloprovincialis) and water of two productive Mediterranean's lagoons (Sardinia, Italy). Biomed Research International, 2017, 2017: 1-7 [28] Kalaitzidou MP, Nannou CI, Lambropoulou DA, et al. First report of detection of microcystins in farmed mediterranean mussels Mytilus galloprovincialis in Thermaikos gulf in Greece. Journal of Biological Research-Thessalo-niki, 2021, 28: 8 [29] Pham TL, Shimizu K, Dao TS, et al. First report on free and covalently bound microcystins in fish and bivalves from Vietnam: Assessment of risks to humans. Environmental Toxicology and Chemistry, 2017, 36: 2953-2957 [30] Paldaviien A, Zaiko A, Mazur-Marzec H, et al. Bioaccumulation of microcystins in invasive bivalves: A case study from the boreal lagoon ecosystem. Oceanologia, 2015, 57: 93-101 [31] Lance E, Petit A, Sanchez W, et al. Evidence of trophic transfer of microcystins from the gastropod Lymnaea stagnalis to the fish Gasterosteus aculeatus. Harmful Algae, 2014, 31: 9-17 [32] Ferrao-Filho AD, Kozlowsky-Suzuki B. Cyanotoxins: Bioaccumulation and effects on aquatic animals. Marine Drugs, 2011, 9: 2729-2772 [33] Barda I, Kankaanpáá H, Purina I, et al. Bioaccumulation of hepatotoxins: A considerable risk in the Latvian environment. Environmental Pollution, 2015, 196: 313-320 [34] Lance E, Neffling MR, Gerard C, et al. Accumulation of free and covalently bound microcystins in tissues of Lymnaea stagnalis (Gastropoda) following toxic cyanobacteria or dissolved microcystin-LR exposure. Environmental Pollution, 2010, 158: 674-680 [35] Bownik A. Effects of cyanobacterial toxins, microcystins on freshwater invertebrates. Polish Journal of Natural Science, 2013, 28: 185-195 [36] Sabatini SE, Brena BM, Pirez M, et al. Oxidative effects and toxin bioaccumulation after dietary microcystin intoxication in the hepatopancreas of the crab Neohelice (Chasmagnathus) granulata. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 2015, 120: 136-141 [37] Samdal IA, Strand DA, Ballot A, et al. Microcystins in European noble crayfish Astacus astacus in Lake Steinsfjorden, a Planktothrix-dominated lake. Toxins, 2020, 12: 298 [38] Garcia AC, Bargu S, Dash P, et al. Evaluating the potential risk of microcystins to blue crab (Callinectes sapidus) fisheries and human health in a eutrophic estuary. Harmful Algae, 2010, 9: 134-143 [39] Zhang Y, Li Z, Kholodkevich S, et al. Microcystin-LR-induced changes of hepatopancreatic transcriptome, intestinal microbiota, and histopathology of freshwater crayfish (Procambarus clarkii). Science of the Total Environment, 2020, 711: 134549 [40] Zhang Y, Zhuang H, Yang H, et al. Microcystin-LR disturbs testicular development of giant freshwater prawn Macrobrachium rosenbergii. Chemosphere, 2019, 222: 584-592 [41] Magalhães VF, Soares RM, Azevedo SMFO. Microcystin contamination in fish from the Jacarepaguá Lagoon (Rio de Janeiro, Brazil): Ecological implication and human health risk. Toxicon, 2001, 39: 1077-1085 [42] Chia MA, Abdulwahab R, Ame HI, et al. Farmed tilapia as an exposure route to microcystins in Zaria-Nigeria: A seasonal investigation. Environmental Pollution, 2020, 271: 116366 [43] Zamora-Barrios CA, Nandini S, Sarma SSS. Bioaccumulation of microcystins in seston, zooplankton and fish: A case study in Lake Zumpango, Mexico. Environmental Pollution, 2019, 249: 267-276 [44] Peng L, Tang Q, Gu J, et al. Seasonal variation of microcystins and their accumulation in fish in two large shallow lakes of China. Ecotoxicology, 2020, 29: 1-11 [45] 袁瑞, 张鹏, 邵国健, 等. 南太湖水产品微囊藻毒素污染的非致癌健康风险评价. 浙江预防医学, 2021, 33(8): 835-837, 840 [46] Jia J, Chen Q, Lauridsen TL. A systematic investigation into the environmental fate of microcystins and the potential risk: Study in Lake Taihu. Toxins, 2016, 8: 170 [47] Jiang Y, Yang YM, Wu YL, et al. Microcystin bioaccumulation in freshwater fish at different trophic levels from the eutrophic Lake Chaohu, China. Bulletin of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 2017, 99: 69-74 [48] Ni WM, Zhang JY, Luo Y. Microcystin accumulation in bighead carp (Aristichthys nobilis) during a Microcystis-dominated bloom and risk assessment of the dietary intake in a fish pond in China. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 2017, 24: 8894-8902 [49] Bi X, Dai W, Wang X, et al. Microcystins distribution, bioaccumulation, and Microcystis genotype succession in a fish culture pond. Science of the Total Environment, 2019, 688: 380-388 [50] Jia J, Luo W, Lu Y, et al. Bioaccumulation of microcystins (MCs) in four fish species from Lake Taihu, China: Assessment of risks to humans. Science of the Total Environment, 2014, 487: 224-232 [51] 丁琮洋, 孟璐, 李亚静, 等. 有机阴离子转运多肽的研究进展. 国际药学研究杂志, 2019, 46(11): 813-819 [52] 王灵巧, 何立雄, 黄玉晶, 等. 癌基因Gankyrin在低剂量微囊藻毒素-LR慢性染毒诱导肝癌发生的体内和体外研究. 2018环境与健康学术会议——精准环境健康: 跨学科合作的挑战, 中国辽宁沈阳, 2018 [53] Setlikova I, Wiegand C. Hepatic and branchial glutathione S-transferases of two fish species: Substrate specifi-city and biotransformation of microcystin-LR. Comparative Biochemistry and Physiology C, 2009, 149: 515-523 [54] 王吴, 徐立红. 微囊藻毒素研究的当前进展和未来方向. 水生生物学报, 2011, 35(3): 504-515 [55] Wang S, Tian D, Zheng W, et al. Combined exposure to 3-chloro-4-dichloromethyl-5-hydroxy-2(5H)-furanone and microsytin-LR increases genotoxicity in Chinese hamster ovary cells through oxidative stress. Environmental Science & Technology, 2013, 47: 1678-1687 [56] 叶冠琛, 王一如, 徐立红. 微囊藻毒素对多种靶器官的毒性作用研究进展. 中国细胞生物学学报, 2019, 41(6): 1193-1200 [57] Nandini S, Sanchez-Zamora C, Sarma SSS. Toxicity of cyanobacterial blooms from the reservoir Valle de Bravo (Mexico): A case study on the rotifer Brachionus calyciflorus. Science of the Total Environment, 2019, 688: 1348-1358 [58] Schwarzenberger A, Hasselmann M, Elert EV. Positive selection of digestive proteases in Daphnia: A mechanism for local adaptation to cyanobacterial protease inhibitors. Molecular Ecology, 2020, 29: 15375 [59] Wu FL, Kong H, Shang YY, et al. Histopathological alterations in triangle sail mussel (Hyriopsis cumingii) exposed to toxic cyanobacteria (Microcystis aeruginosa) under hypoxia. Aquaculture, 2017, 476: 182-189 [60] Pavagadhi S, Balasubramanian R. Toxicological evaluation of microcystins in aquatic fish species: Current knowledge and future directions. Aquatic Toxicology, 2013, 142-143: 1-16 [61] Romero-Oliva CS, Contardo-Jara V, Block T, et al. Accumulation of microcystin congeners in different aquatic plants and crops: A case study from lake Amatitlan, Guatemala. Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety, 2014, 102: 121-128 [62] Greer B, Maul R, Campbell K, et al. Detection of freshwater cyanotoxins and measurement of masked microcystins in tilapia from Southeast Asian aquaculture farms. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 2017, 409: 4057-4069 [63] Xiao FG, Zhao XL, Tang J, et al. Necessity of scree-ning water chestnuts for microcystins after cyanobacterial blooms break out. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 2009, 57: 256-263 [64] Meng Z, Wang Z, Xu J, et al. Ammonium, microcystins, and hypoxia of blooms in eutrophic water cause oxidative stress and C-N imbalance in submersed and floating-leaved aquatic plants in Lake Taihu, China. Chemosphere, 2011, 82: 329-339 [65] Kos P, Gorzo G, Suranyi G, et al. Simple and efficient method for isolation and measurement of cyanobacterial hepatotoxins by plant tests (Sinapis alba L.). Analytical Biochemistry, 1995, 225: 49-53 [66] Xiang L, Li YW, Liu BL, et al. High ecological and human health risks from microcystins in vegetable fields in southern China. Environment International, 2019, 133: 105142 [67] Chia MA, Auta ZZ, Esson AE, et al. Assessment of microcystin contamination of Amaranthus hybridus, Brassica oleracea, and Lactuca sativa sold in markets: A case study of Zaria, Nigeria. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 2019, 191: 569 [68] Corbel S, Mougin C, Bouaicha N. Cyanobacterial toxins: Modes of actions, fate in aquatic and soil ecosystems, phytotoxicity and bioaccumulation in agricultural crops. Chemosphere, 2014, 96: 1-15 [69] 刘洪月. 微囊藻毒素对水稻生长,激素水平与矿质营养吸收的影响. 硕士论文. 无锡: 江南大学, 2019 [70] Xiang L, Li YW, Wang ZR, et al. Bioaccumulation and phytotoxicity and human health risk from microcystin-LR under various treatments: A pot study. Toxins, 2020, 12: 523 [71] United States Environmental Protection Agency. Health Effects Support Document for the Cyanobacterial Toxin Microcystins. (2015-05) [EPA-820R15102] [72] 俞顺章, 赵宁, 资晓林, 等. 饮水中微囊藻毒素与我国原发性肝癌关系的研究. 中华肿瘤杂志, 2001, 23(2): 96-99 [73] 易细平, 文聪, 黄飞羽, 等. 微囊藻毒素对人群消化系统健康影响的流行病学研究进展. 环境与职业医学, 2019, 36(9): 879-883 [74] Vidal F, Sedan D, D'Agostino D, et al. Recreational exposure during algal bloom in Carrasco Beach, Uruguay: A liver failure case report. Toxins, 2017, 9: 267 [75] Giannuzzi L, Sedan D, Echenique R, et al. An acute case of intoxication with cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins in recreational water in Salto Grande Dam, Argentina. Marine Drugs, 2011, 9: 2164-2175 [76] United States Environmental Protection Agency. Recommended human health recreational ambient water quality criteria or swimming advisories for microcystins and cylindrospermopsin 2019[EB/OL]. [2021-08-01]. https://www.epa.gov/wqc/recommended-human-health-recreational-ambient-water-quality-criteria-or-swimming-advisories [77] Mehinto AC, Smith J, Wenger E, et al. Synthesis of ecotoxicological studies on cyanotoxins in freshwater habi-tats: Evaluating the basis for developing thresholds protective of aquatic life in the United States. Science of the Total Environment, 2021, 795: 148864 [78] Dillon Jr RT, Wethington AR, Rhett JM, et al. Populations of the European freshwater pulmonate Physa acuta are not reproductively isolated from American Physa heterostropha or Physa integra. Invertebrate Biology, 2002, 121: 226-234 [79] Zuo S, Wan K, Ma S. Combined effect of predatory zooplankton and allelopathic aquatic macrophytes on algal suppression. Environmental Technology, 2015, 36: 54-59 [80] Li H, Ai H, Kang L, et al. Simultaneous Microcystis algicidal and microcystin degrading capability by a single Acinetobacter bacterial strain. Environmental Science & Technology, 2016, 50: 11903-11911 [81] Weiss G, Kovalerchick D, Lieman-Hurwitz J, et al. Increased algicidal activity of Aeromonas veronii in response to Microcystis aeruginosa: Interspecies crosstalk and secondary metabolites synergism. Environmental Microbiology, 2019, 21: 1140-1150 [82] Zeng G, Gao P, Wang J, et al. Algicidal molecular mechanism and toxicological degradation of Microcystis aeruginosa by white-rot fungi. Toxins, 2020, 12: 406 [83] Mohamed ZA, Hashem M, Alamri SA. Growth inhibition of the cyanobacterium Microcystis aeruginosa and degradation of its microcystin toxins by the fungus Trichoderma citrinoviride. Toxicon, 2014, 86: 51-58 [84] Liu HL, Guo XL, Liu L, et al. Simultaneous microcystin degradation and Microcystis aeruginosa inhibition with the single enzyme microcystinase A. Environmental Science & Technology, 2020, 54: 8811-8820 [85] Wei J, Xie X, Huang F, et al. Simultaneous Microcystis algicidal and microcystin synthesis inhibition by a red pigment prodigiosin. Environmental Pollution, 2020, 256: 113444 |
| [1] | 吕鹏, 刘建康, 张洁, 石娜, 兰慧琴, 蒙娟娟, 高君亮, 曹恭祥. 灌丛沙堆演替对白刺器官及土壤生态化学计量特征的影响 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2026, 37(8): 2528-2536. |
| [2] | 黄雅妮, 贾玉莹, 史文龙, 王小姿, 李晨豪, 杨桂燕, 黄田, 徐正刚. BpMYB56过表达构树对东方田鼠引诱效果及与不育剂的组合效能 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2026, 37(8): 2782-2792. |
| [3] | 吴昊, 杨倩文, 冯川川, 曾青草, 饶本强. 植物入侵及其生物互作的纬度格局研究进展 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2026, 37(8): 2833-2844. |
| [4] | 蓝嘉惠, 叶桂萍, 孙鲁沅, 杨平, 林永新. 闽江河口湿地不同植被类型土壤有机碳与微生物残体碳的空间分布特征 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2026, 37(7): 2169-2177. |
| [5] | 王鑫, 胡敏, 刘阳, 旷沛, 周义清, 丁建莉, 朱杰. 新疆大豆根际细菌多样性及应用潜力 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2026, 37(7): 2383-2392. |
| [6] | 潘一诺, 韩迎新, 董可心, 刘硕, 郭浩然, 李林, 程瀚墨, 王竞红. 丛枝菌根真菌介导植物响应盐碱胁迫的离子稳态机制 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2026, 37(7): 2453-2462. |
| [7] | 隋璐璐, 孙志高, 武慧慧, 李尔恒, 钟小瑛, 廖宇晨, 刘欣, 侯晓峰. 闽江口湿地植物-土壤系统氮分布对高氮硫负荷的响应 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2026, 37(5): 1616-1628. |
| [8] | 罗世纪, 张弥, 贾磊, 肖薇, 乔珩, 张神宝, 石婕, 葛培, 杨甫禹, 何洋. 基于机器学习模型的太湖浮叶植物区CO2通量模拟 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2026, 37(5): 1651-1664. |
| [9] | 魏凡凯, 徐力刚, 李文轩, 宋涛. 苏州城市水网浮游植物功能群时空变化及驱动因子 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2026, 37(5): 1675-1684. |
| [10] | 丁亚丽, 陈洪松, 周金星. 喀斯特植物水分适应策略分异特征及岩性驱动机制 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2026, 37(5): 1697-1707. |
| [11] | 郭堤, 刘畅, 陈颐婷. 电缆细菌驱动植物根际电化学耦合与元素循环研究进展 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2026, 37(5): 1708-1716. |
| [12] | 张殷波, 韩怡璇, 孙维多, 张欣, 王翔宇, 秦浩, 张晓龙. 黄土高原重点保护野生植物的保护优先性评价及热点地区识别 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2026, 37(3): 797-804. |
| [13] | 李梦棋, 董全民, 刘玉祯, 吕卫东, 孙彩彩, 许蔚, 刘文亭, 季海明, 杨晓霞. 环青海湖地区牦牛与藏羊粪便降解对土壤-植物养分循环的影响 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2026, 37(3): 897-906. |
| [14] | 王明浩, 党龙, 王秀媛, 唐雷, 皇甫雷鸣, 晏召贵, 何伟, 王鹏程. 农林复合系统中植物-微生物互作驱动的土壤有机碳固存过程研究进展 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2026, 37(3): 933-944. |
| [15] | 王蕊, 刘金花, 李诚浩, 王旭敏, 赵帅明, 徐学华. 冀北林草交错区主要木本植物非结构性碳水化合物器官间的变化与协同 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2026, 37(2): 485-493. |
| 阅读次数 | ||||||
|
全文 |
|
|||||
|
摘要 |
|
|||||
辽公网安备21010302000574号
辽ICP备05000862号-2
版权所有 © 《应用生态学报》编辑部