长白山维管植物海拔梯度上种域格局及Rapoport法则的检验

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202412.001

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 物种种域宽度与其迁移扩散及适应环境变化的能力等密切相关。Rapoport法则指出,物种的种域宽度会随纬度或海拔增加而增大。目前关于该法则的检验存在许多不一致结论,且缺少在不同分类等级和科级水平的比较。本文以植被垂直带谱完整的长白山为研究对象,对1505种维管植物(木本249种、草本1168种和蕨类88种)物种种域的海拔格局进行分析,采用4种方法(Stevens方法、中点法、Pagel方法和逐种法)检验Rapoport法则在所有植物、2个生长型(木本和草本)、蕨类、19个科的适用性。结果表明: 2个生长型和蕨类的丰富度均具有沿海拔单调递减的格局,不同种域宽度的植物丰富度及其占比呈不同的海拔格局,狭域种在低海拔占比最高,中域种的占比在低海拔和高海拔各出现一次峰值,广域种比例沿海拔先上升后下降。对Rapoport法则的检验结果在不同方法间存在差异。除中点法外,维管植物总体上支持该法则,木本植物对法则支持较强,草本植物支持较弱。蕨类植物支持最弱且Stevens法的结果不支持。在物种数≥20的19个科中,8个科获得3~4种检验方法支持,4个科仅有1种方法支持。综上,长白山维管植物的种域格局以及对Rapoport法则的有效性在2个生长型、蕨类和19个科之间并不一致,反映了它们在生物演化历史以及响应适应环境变化方面的极大差异。

关键词: 种域, 海拔梯度, Rapoport法则, 生态位宽度, 生物地理学, 宏生态学

Abstract: Species range size is closely related to its ability to migrate and adapt to environmental change. Rapoport’s rule predicts that species range size would become larger with increasing latitude or elevation. Empirical evidence for Rapoport’s rule are controversial, and the comparisons among different groups and families are lacking. We analyzed the elevational patterns of species range size with a dataset of 1505 vascular plant species in Changbai Mountain of Northern China, including 249 woody species, 1168 herbaceous species, and 88 fern species. We used four methods (Stevens method, mid-point method, Pagel method and cross-species method) to test the effectiveness of Rapoport’s rule for all plant species, among two growth forms, among ferns, and among 19 families. The results showed that richness of two growth forms and ferns all monotonically decreased along the elevation, but for three groups of range size, richness and its proportion had various patterns along the elevation: narrow-range species had the highest proportion in low elevation, medium-range species had two peaks at low and high elevations respectively, and the proportion of wide-range species increased first and then decreased with elevation. The results for Rapoport’s rule varied among different methods. Range size patterns of all plants generally support Rapoport’s rule expect for the mid-point method. Woody plants showed stronger evidence than herbaceous plants, while the support of ferns was the weakest and Stevens method did not support the rule. Eight out of the 19 families with no less than 20 species had the support from at least three methods, while four families had only one method to support. Species range size patterns along elevations and the support of Rapoport’s rule were inconsistent among two growth forms, ferns and 19 families of vascular plants in Changbai Mountain, suggesting the dramatic differences in their evolutionary history and the abilities to response and adapt environment changes.

Key words: species range size, elevational gradient, Rapoport’s rule, niche width, biogeography, macroecology

李漫淑, 吴晓晴, 周银佳, 龙诗怡, 张美惠, 顾汉威, 斯幸峰, 阎恩荣, 张健. 长白山维管植物海拔梯度上种域格局及Rapoport法则的检验[J]. 应用生态学报, 2024, 35(12): 3329-3338.

LI Manshu, WU Xiaoqing, ZHOU Yinjia, LONG Shiyi, ZHANG Meihui, GU Hanwei, SI Xingfeng, YAN Enrong, ZHANG Jian. Elevational pattern of species range size of vascular plants in Changbai Mountain, China:A test of Rapo-port’s rule[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2024, 35(12): 3329-3338.

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