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应用生态学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (3): 787-796.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202603.007

• 研究论文 • 上一篇    下一篇

桂西南喀斯特季节性雨林濒危植物海南椴种群时空格局

赵中珂1,2, 王斌1, 李冬兴1, 陆芳1, 陶旺兰1, 王艳萍1, 向悟生1*, 李先琨1   

  1. 1广西壮族自治区中国科学院广西植物研究所广西喀斯特植物保育与恢复生态学重点实验室/弄岗喀斯特生态系统广西野外科学观测研究站, 广西桂林 541006;
    2桂林理工大学旅游与风景园林学院, 广西桂林 541006
  • 收稿日期:2025-11-28 接受日期:2026-02-02 出版日期:2026-03-18 发布日期:2026-09-18
  • 通讯作者: *E-mail: xwusheng@qq.com
  • 作者简介:赵中珂, 女, 1999年生, 硕士研究生。主要从事风景园林与森林生态学研究。E-mail: 1059591768@qq.com
  • 基金资助:
    弄岗喀斯特生态系统广西野外科学观测研究站科研能力建设项目(桂科23-026-273)和国家自然科学基金项目(32360281,32271599)

Spatiotemporal pattern of the endangered Hainania trichosperma population in a karst seasonal rainforest of Guangxi, Southwest China

ZHAO Zhongke1,2, WANG Bin1, LI Dongxing1, LU Fang1, TAO Wanglan1, WANG Yanping1, XIANG Wusheng1*, LI Xiankun1   

  1. 1Guangxi Key Laboratory of Karst Plant Conservation and Restoration Ecology, Guangxi Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region/Nonggang Karst Ecosystem Observation and Research Station of Guangxi, Guilin 541006, Guangxi, China;
    2College of Tourism and Landscape Architecture, Guilin University of Technology, Guilin 541006, Guangxi, China
  • Received:2025-11-28 Accepted:2026-02-02 Online:2026-03-18 Published:2026-09-18

摘要: 本文以桂西南喀斯特季节性雨林15 hm2样地的濒危植物海南椴种群为研究对象,利用空间点格局和零膨胀模型等方法,研究2011、2016、2021年海南椴种群的数量和空间分布,分析其种群的时空格局动态及偏好的生境特征。结果表明:2011—2021年间,海南椴种群个体数从1978株减至1142株,径级结构由倒“J”型结构转为钟型。海南椴种群的空间分布存在明显的地形分异,多集中在西南向的中坡部位。3个年份的种群不同发育阶段个体在0~50 m尺度均为聚集分布,在更大尺度则转为随机或均匀分布。在研究期内,种群在0~50 m尺度的聚集强度显著增强,其变化主要受小树空间分布格局的影响。种群的分布范围受坡向、土壤含水量和全钾的显著影响,而种群多度主要受海拔、土壤容重、全磷和全钾的影响。种群中不同发育阶段个体偏好的生境存在明显差异,成年树偏好高坡位且土壤含水量较大、高磷低钾的生境,而小树则偏好中坡、高磷低钙且土壤pH较低的生境。综上,在自然保护条件下,喀斯特季节性雨林中海南椴种群整体表现出衰退趋势,建议重点保护生存状态不稳定的小径级个体,同时根据不同发育阶段个体偏好的生境条件进行种群扩繁,从而遏制种群衰退。

关键词: 海南椴, 喀斯特季节性雨林, 点格局, 径级结构, 零膨胀模型

Abstract: We investigated the spatiotemporal pattern of an endangered Hainania trichosperma population in a 15 hm2 permanent plot in the karst seasonal rainforest of southwestern Guangxi. Using spatial point pattern analysis and zero-inflated models, we analyzed population size and spatial distribution of H. trichosperma in 2011, 2016, and 2021, aiming to elucidate its spatiotemporal patterns and key habitat characteristics. We found a decline in population size (from 1978 to 1142 individuals), with the diameter-class structure shifting from an “inverted-J” to a “bell-shaped” distribution over the past decade. Spatially, the population showed distinct topographic differentiation, primarily aggregating on the midslopes with a southwestern aspect. In all the three years, individuals of different developmental stages aggregated at the 0-50 m scale, but randomly or uniformly distributed at larger spatial scales. The intensity of aggregation at the 0-50 m scale increased significantly over the study period, mainly due to the shifts in the spatial pattern of saplings. The species distribution range was significantly influenced by slope aspect, soil water content, and soil potassium concentration. While the abundance was primarily associated with altitude, soil bulk density, soil phosphorus and total potassium. Habitat preferences differed markedly between developmental stages. Adult trees favored upperslope positions with higher soil water content, phosphorus but lower potassium, whereas saplings preferred midslope habitats rich in phosphorus, low in calcium, and with lower soil pH. Taken together, H. trichosperma population, despite being in a protected area, displayed a declining trajectory. Therefore, conservation efforts should prioritize the protection of unstable small diameter individuals and consider stage-specific habitat preferences in future population reinforcement or restoration programs to mitigate further decline.

Key words: Hainania trichosperma, karst seasonal rainforest, point pattern, size structure, zero-inflated model