嗅探犬检测在生物入侵防治中的应用:原理、实践与展望

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202603.038

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 生物入侵作为一种长期的、潜在的生物威胁,具有极大的危害性。对入侵物种及早检测并针对性地采取防治措施已成为世界各国的共识。传统的生物入侵检测方法存在一定的局限性,难以满足对入侵物种进行快速精准检测的要求。嗅探犬检测技术作为一种新兴的入侵物种检测技术,能够在一定程度上弥补原有检测技术的不足,为生物入侵的早期检测和快速反应提供重要支撑,还能为刑事司法领域入侵物种刑事犯罪的司法防治提供线索和证据。本文探讨了嗅探犬检测入侵动植物及微生物的基本原理,系统阐述了该技术在检测入侵物种普适性、灵敏度及准确性、成本、效率等方面的应用实践和优势,指出了该技术当前存在的主要问题,并提出应加强入侵物种风险评估、建立气味样本库、完善生物入侵检测犬训练技术、构建标准化训练方案,为该技术在我国的大范围推广与应用提供参考。

关键词: 生物入侵, 嗅探犬, 挥发性有机化合物, 早期检测, 入侵防治

Abstract: Biological invasions, as a long-term and latent biological threat, pose significant hazards. There is global consensus on the importance of early detection and targeted control measures for invasive species. Traditional detection methods have certain limitations and often fail to meet the requirement of rapid and accurate identification. As an emerging detection technique, sniffer dog technology can, to some extent, overcome these shortcomings and provide crucial support for early detection and rapid response to biological invasions. It also offers valuable leads and evidence for the judicial prevention and control of crimes related to invasive species. We explored the principles of using sniffer dogs to detect invasive animals, plants, and microorganisms, systematically elaborated on the practical applications and advantages of this technology in terms of universality, sensitivity, accuracy, cost, and efficiency, and highlighted the main challenges. Furthermore, we proposed recommendations such as strengthening risk assessment for invasive species, establishing odor sample databases, improving training techniques for detection dogs, and developing standardized protocols, with the aim of providing a reference for the wider adoption and application of this technology in China

Key words: biological invasion, detection dog, volatile organic compound, early detection, invasive species control

李苏雄, 郑吉龙, 杨宇翔, 王若涵. 嗅探犬检测在生物入侵防治中的应用:原理、实践与展望[J]. 应用生态学报, 2026, 37(3): 965-974.

LI Suxiong, ZHENG Jilong, YANG Yuxiang, WANG Ruohan. Application of sniffer dog detection in the prevention and control of biological invasions: Principles, practices, and prospects[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2026, 37(3): 965-974.

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