水力障碍、碳饥饿和中层土壤干燥造成杨树防护林的衰退和死亡

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202605.017

应用生态学报 ›› 2026, Vol. 37 ›› Issue (5): 1353-1364.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202605.017

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水力障碍、碳饥饿和中层土壤干燥造成杨树防护林的衰退和死亡

何春霞^1,2,3, 胡晓创^1,2,3, 孙守家^1,2,3*, 管崇帆^1,2,3, 李子静^1,2,3, 张劲松^1,2,3, 蔡金峰²

¹中国林业科学研究院林业研究所/国家林草局林木培育重点实验室, 北京 100091;
²南京林业大学南方现代林业协同创新中心, 南京 210037;
³河南小浪底森林生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站, 河南济源 454650

收稿日期:2025-09-22 接受日期:2026-04-10 出版日期:2026-05-18 发布日期:2026-11-18
通讯作者: * E-mail: ssj1011@163.com
作者简介:何春霞, 女, 1983年生, 博士, 副研究员。主要从事植物水分生理生态学研究。E-mail: hechunxia08@126.com
基金资助:
国家自然科学基金项目(32171871)

Decline and mortality of poplar shelterbelt induced by hydraulic limitations, carbon starvation, and drying of mid-depth soil layers.

HE Chunxia^1,2,3, HU Xiaochuang^1,2,3, SUN Shoujia^1,2,3*, GUAN Chongfan^1,2,3, LI Zijing^1,2,3, ZHANG Jinsong^1,2,3, CAI Jinfeng²

¹Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry/Key Laboratory of Tree Breeding and Cultivation of the State Forestry and Grassland Administration, Beijing 100091, China;
²Collaborative Innovation Center of Sustainable Forestry in Southern China, Nanjing Forest University, Nanjing 210037, China;
³Henan Xiaolangdi Forest Ecosystem National Observation and Research Station, Jiyuan 454650, Henan, China

Received:2025-09-22 Accepted:2026-04-10 Online:2026-05-18 Published:2026-11-18

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 本研究以河北省张北县杨树防护林为研究对象,测定健康、衰退和濒死杨树的健康分数、生长状况、栓塞程度(PLC)、水力安全边际(HSM)、非结构性碳(NSC)和氧碳同位素等指标,解析导致杨树衰退的内外因素并量化其相对重要性,旨在厘清导致杨树衰退的原因和机制。结果表明:健康、衰退和濒死杨树的健康分数分别为90.0、62.0和37.7,差异显著。衰退和濒死杨树水分来源于10~50 cm土壤水分的比例比健康杨树分别显著增加了12.1%和26.4%。从叶片性状看,濒死杨树单叶面积和叶片C∶N比健康杨树分别显著下降了29.6%和23.2%,但比叶面积显著增加了29.3%。在水力特征方面,濒死杨树叶片水势、枝条水势和HSM比健康杨树分别显著下降了80.5%、68.0%和27.2%,枝条PLC和P₅₀(导水率损失50%时的水势)则分别显著增加了71.7%和19.2%;衰退杨树与健康杨树无明显差异。从NSC来看,濒死杨树树干和树根中NSC比健康杨树显著下降40.6%和30.5%,衰退杨树树干NSC显著下降19.2%,在叶片和枝条中与健康杨树差异不显著。濒死杨树叶片δ¹³C比健康杨树显著下降5.8%,δ¹⁸O则显著增加9.9%,但衰退杨树与健康杨树无显著差异。主成分分析和量化分析结果显示,PLC是导致杨树衰退的最主要因素,贡献率占21.0%,其次是中层土壤水分和单叶面积,树根和树干中NSC也是重要因素。总之,水力衰竭是导致杨树衰退最重要的内部因素,碳饥饿进一步加剧衰退,中层土壤干燥则是主要的外部因素。

关键词: 杨树, 枝条栓塞, 碳饥饿, 稳定碳氧同位素, 叶片性状

Abstract: We assessed tree health scores, growth status, percent loss of conductivity(PLC), hydraulic safety margin (HSM), non-structural carbohydrates (NSC), and stable isotopes in healthy, declining, and dying trees of poplar shelterbelts in Zhangbei County, Hebei Province, China. We examined the internal and external drivers of poplar decline and quantified their relative importance, to elucidate the underlying causes and mechanisms. Health scores differed significantly among status classes, averaging 90.0, 62.0, and 37.7 for healthy, declining, and dying trees, respectively. Compared with healthy trees, water uptake from the 10-50 cm soil layer increased significantly by 12.1% in declining trees and by 26.4% in dying trees. Dying trees had significantly lower individual-leaf area (-29.6%) and leaf C:N (-23.2%), whereas specific leaf area increased significantly (+29.3%) relative to healthy trees. In terms of hydraulic function, dying trees exhibited lower leaf water potential (-80.5%), branch water potential (-68.0%), and HSM (-27.2%), while branch PLC and P₅₀(the water potential at 50% loss of hydraulic conductivity) increased significantly by 71.7% and 19.2%, respectively. There was no difference between declining poplars and healthy poplars. NSC concentrations in dying trees decreased significantly in the trunk (-40.6%) and roots (-30.5%) compared with healthy trees. In declining trees, trunk NSC also declined (-19.2%), whereas no significant differences were detected in leaves and branches. Relative to healthy trees, dying trees had significantly lower leaf δ¹³C (-5.8%) and higher δ¹⁸O (+9.9%), while declining trees differed little from healthy trees. Principal component analysis and quantitative importance assessment identified PLC as the primary factor associated with poplar decline (21.0%), followed by mid-layer soil moisture and individual-leaf area, while NSC in roots and trunks also contributed substantially. Overall, hydraulic failure appeared to be the dominant internal driver of poplar decline, with carbon starvation further aggravating decline, and mid-soil drying representing the principal external stressor.

Key words: poplar tree, embolism of branch, carbon starvation, stable carbon and oxygen isotopes, leaf trait

何春霞, 胡晓创, 孙守家, 管崇帆, 李子静, 张劲松, 蔡金峰. 水力障碍、碳饥饿和中层土壤干燥造成杨树防护林的衰退和死亡[J]. 应用生态学报, 2026, 37(5): 1353-1364.

HE Chunxia, HU Xiaochuang, SUN Shoujia, GUAN Chongfan, LI Zijing, ZHANG Jinsong, CAI Jinfeng. Decline and mortality of poplar shelterbelt induced by hydraulic limitations, carbon starvation, and drying of mid-depth soil layers.[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2026, 37(5): 1353-1364.

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水力障碍、碳饥饿和中层土壤干燥造成杨树防护林的衰退和死亡

Decline and mortality of poplar shelterbelt induced by hydraulic limitations, carbon starvation, and drying of mid-depth soil layers.

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