白马雪山木本植物萌生特征及其海拔分异格局

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202502.004

应用生态学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (2): 418-426.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202502.004

白马雪山木本植物萌生特征及其海拔分异格局

刘沛垚¹, 张彩彩^1*, 张志明^2,3, 林露湘^4,5

¹大理大学东喜玛拉雅研究院, 云南大理 671003;
²云南大学生态与环境学院西南跨境生态安全教育部重点实验室, 昆明 650091;
³云南大学生态与环境学院暨云南省高原山地生态与退化环境修复重点实验室, 昆明 650091;
⁴中国科学院西双版纳热带植物园热带森林生态学重点实验室, 云南勐腊 666303;
⁵云南西双版纳森林生态系统国家野外科学观测研究站, 云南勐腊 666303

收稿日期:2024-05-16 接受日期:2024-12-01 出版日期:2025-02-18 发布日期:2025-08-18
通讯作者: *E-mail: zhangcc@eastern-himalaya.cn
作者简介:刘沛垚, 女, 2001年生, 硕士研究生。主要从事群落生态学研究。E-mail: liu-peiyao77@outlook.com
基金资助:
云南省基础研究专项重大项目(202101BC070002)和云南省重点研发计划项目(202303AC100009)

Sprouting characteristics and elevation differentiation patterns of woody plants in the Baima Snow Mountain, China.

LIU Peiyao¹, ZHANG Caicai^1*, ZHANG Zhiming^2,3, LIN Luxiang^4,5

¹Institute of Eastern-Himalaya Biodiversity Research, Dali University, Dali 671003, Yunnan, China;
²Key Laboratory for Transboundary Ecosecu-rity of Southwest China of Ministry of Education, School of Ecology and Environmental Science, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China;
³School of Ecology and Environmental Science & Yunnan Key Laboratory for Plateau Mountain Ecology and Restoration of Degraded Environments, Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China;
⁴Key Laboratory of Tropical Forest Ecology, Xishuangbanna Tropical Botanical Garden, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Mengla 666303, Yunnan, China;
⁵National Forest Ecosystem Research Station at Xishuangbanna, Mengla 666303, Yunnan, China

Received:2024-05-16 Accepted:2024-12-01 Online:2025-02-18 Published:2025-08-18

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 研究白马雪山海拔3155～3979 m范围内不同海拔典型森林群落中萌生植物的组成特征,以及萌生能力在不同分类群(科、属和种)和不同生长型(乔木和灌木)间的差异,分析萌生植物多样性的海拔分异格局。结果表明: 在5个海拔样地中,共有发生萌生现象的木本植物4211株,隶属于12科22属38种,科、属、种的数量分别占总树种数的92.3%、95.7%、95.0%。其中,基毛杜鹃的萌茎数最多,为3311个;黄杯杜鹃的萌生率最高,为70.1%。萌生树种的数量和组成在不同海拔间存在差异,从低到高海拔(3155、3382、3685、3802和3979 m)的萌生树种数量分别为17、15、12、11和15种,占各自海拔总树种数的85.0%、75.0%、85.7%、84.6%和88.2%。萌茎数最多的树种从低至高海拔依次为基毛杜鹃(3155和3382 m)、云锦杜鹃(3685 m)、唐古特忍冬(3802 m)和黄杯杜鹃(3979 m),而萌生率最高的树种分别是高山栎(3155 m)、云锦杜鹃(海拔3382和3685 m)、唐古特忍冬(3802 m)和黄杯杜鹃(3979 m)。乔木和灌木的萌茎数以及乔木的萌生率均随海拔的升高呈先增加后减少的变化趋势,而灌木的萌生率无显著变化。乔木型萌生植物的丰富度随着海拔升高呈先上升后下降的单峰模式,最大值出现在海拔3685 m;灌木型萌生植物的丰富度则呈先降低后上升的反“中域”模式。萌生现象在山地森林生态系统中普遍存在,且不同生长型植物的萌生能力随海拔呈现出显著的分布差异。

关键词: 萌生率, 海拔, 生长型, 丰富度, 白马雪山

Abstract: We investigated the composition and diversity of sprouting plants across forest communities along an elevation gradient (3155-3979 m) in the Baima Snow Mountain, and examined the variations in sprouting ability among taxonomic groups (families, genera, and species) and growth forms (trees and shrubs). The results showed that a total of 4211 woody plants exhibited sprouting behavior across five plots. These plants belonged to 38 species, 22 genera and 12 families, representing 95.0%, 95.7% and 92.3% of the total community. Rhododendron rigidum exhibited the highest number of sprouting stems (3311), while Rhododendron wardii showed the highest sprouting rate (70.1%). The number and composition of sprouting species varied across elevations. From the lowest to highest elevation (3155, 3382, 3685, 3802, and 3979 m), the number of sprouting was 17, 15, 12, 11 and 15, accounting for 85.0%, 75.0%, 85.7%, 84.6%, and 88.2% of the total species at each elevation respectively. The species with the highest number of sprouts stems differed by elevation: R. rigidum (3155 and 3382 m), Rhododendron fortunei (3685 m), Lonicera tangutica (3802 m), and R. wardii (3979 m). The species with the highest sprouting rate was Quercus semecarpifolia (3155 m), followed by R. fortunei (3382 and 3685 m), L. tangutica (3802 m), and R. wardii (3979 m). The number of sprouting stems for both trees and shrubs, as well as the sprouting rates for trees, showed a trend of first increasing and then decreasing with elevation. In contrast, the sprouting rate of shrubs showed no significant variation. The richness of tree-form sprouting plants showed a single-peak pattern, with the highest richness at 3685 m, whereas shrub-form sprouting plants richness showed an inverse mid-domain pattern, initially decreasing with elevation before increasing again. Sprouting was a prevalent phenomenon in montane forest ecosystems, and the sprouting capacities of different growth forms exhibited significant elevational patterns.

Key words: sprouting rate, elevation, growth type, richness, Baima Snow Mountain

刘沛垚, 张彩彩, 张志明, 林露湘. 白马雪山木本植物萌生特征及其海拔分异格局[J]. 应用生态学报, 2025, 36(2): 418-426.

LIU Peiyao, ZHANG Caicai, ZHANG Zhiming, LIN Luxiang. Sprouting characteristics and elevation differentiation patterns of woody plants in the Baima Snow Mountain, China.[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2025, 36(2): 418-426.

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白马雪山木本植物萌生特征及其海拔分异格局

Sprouting characteristics and elevation differentiation patterns of woody plants in the Baima Snow Mountain, China.

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