欢迎访问《应用生态学报》官方网站,今天是 分享到:

应用生态学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (12): 3668-3674.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202512.014

• 三江平原白浆土障碍消减与产能关键技术专栏(专栏策划: 韩晓增、王秋菊) • 上一篇    下一篇

混层技术对白浆土水分分布和储量的影响

薛明1, 粟宝莹1, 宋一欣1, 卢奕丽1,2*, 王洪志3, 王秋菊4   

  1. 1中国农业大学土地科学与技术学院, 北京 100193;
    2农业水资源高效利用全国重点实验室, 北京 100083;
    3北大荒集团黑龙江八五二农场有限公司, 黑龙江双鸭山 155100;
    4黑龙江省黑土保护利用研究院, 哈尔滨 150030
  • 收稿日期:2025-04-01 修回日期:2025-10-19 出版日期:2025-12-18 发布日期:2026-07-18
  • 通讯作者: *E-mail: luyili@cau.edu.cn
  • 作者简介:薛明, 男, 2001年生, 硕士研究生。主要从事农田土壤水分管理研究。E-mail: s20243213654@cau.edu.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD1500801)

Effects of subsoiling technique on water distribution and storage of the albic soil

XUE Ming1, SU Baoying1, SONG Yixin1, LU Yili1,2*, WANG Hongzhi3, WANG Qiuju4   

  1. 1College of Land Science and Technology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China;
    2State Key Laboratory of Efficient Utilization of Agricultural Water Resources, Beijing 100083, China;
    3Beidahuang Group Heilongjiang 852 Farm Co., Ltd., Shuangyashan 155100, Heilongjiang, China;
    4Heilongjiang Province Black Soil Protection and Utilization Research Institute, Harbin 150030, China
  • Received:2025-04-01 Revised:2025-10-19 Online:2025-12-18 Published:2026-07-18

摘要: 白浆土(剖面分层结构:黑土层、白浆层和淀积层)具有低透水性且紧实的白浆层,是黑龙江省典型低产障碍性土壤。混层技术可通过打破白浆层改善玉米根区土壤水分条件。本研究设置表土混层(白浆层和淀积层混合)和心土混层(黑土层和白浆层混合)技术改良白浆土,通过定位监测玉米农田全生育时期土壤含水量的动态特征,探讨两种改良技术对玉米农田土壤水分分布和储量的影响。结果表明: 未改良对照的白浆层容重比黑土层高23.9%,且其土壤饱和导水率(0.0013 cm·h-1)极低,导致在玉米苗期降雨较少时白浆层阻滞下层水分上移,使黑土层和白浆层较干,而拔节后降雨频繁时期白浆层的低渗透性导致上层土壤水分滞留。改良白浆土后,表土混层和心土混层处理下0~60 cm土层平均饱和导水率分别为12.29和14.09 cm·h-1,是对照的4.9~5.7倍;相较于对照,两种混层技术在玉米苗期白浆层土壤含水量提高了约93.2%,降雨频繁的拔节中期(7月15—19日)0~30 cm土层土壤平均含水量分别降低10.3%和8.3%,促进了土壤水分入渗;玉米生长季根系层(0~60 cm)储水量均提高5.5%。表明混层技术改善了玉米生长季内白浆土剖面土壤水分分布不均的状况,其中,以心土混层技术效果较好。

关键词: 白浆土, 土壤含水量, 阻滞效应, 储水量, 玉米

Abstract: The albic soil (profile stratification: black soil layer, albic layer, and illuvial layer) has low permeability and a compacted albic layer, which is a typical low-yielding soil with constraint factors in Heilongjiang Province. Subsoiling techniques can disturb the albic soil layer and improve water conditions in the rooting zone. In this study, we investigated the effect of two subsoiling techniques, i.e. surface soil interlayer mixing (mixing the albic layer with the illuvial layer) and subsoil interlayer mixing (mixing the black soil layer with the albic layer), on soil water distribution and storage through monitoring soil water dynamics during the maize growth period. Results showed that the albic layer of control exhibited a bulk density 23.6% higher than that of the black soil layer and an extremely low saturated hydraulic conductivity (0.0013 cm·h-1). This impeded upward water movement during the seedling stage of maize when rainfall was scarce, resulting in the formation of dryness in top and albic layers. During the frequent rainfall period after the jointing stage, the low permeability of the albic layer caused water retained in the upper soil layers. After using the subsoiling techniques, the average saturated hydraulic conductivity for 0-60 cm soil layer reached 12.29 cm·h-1 under surface soil interlayer mixing and 14.09 cm·h-1 under subsoil interlayer mixing treatments, being 4.9 to 5.7 times of the control. Compared to the control, both techniques increased soil water content in the albic layer by 93.2% during the maize seedling stage. During periods of the jointing stage with frequent rainfalls (July 15 to July 19), the average soil water content in the 0-30 cm layer decreased by 10.3% and 8.3% respectively, and soil water infiltration was improved. Water storage capacity in the rooting zone (0-60 cm) increased by 5.5% during the growing season. Our results indicated that subsoiling techniques ameliorate the uneven soil water distribution within the albic soil profile during the maize growing season, with the subsoil interlayer mixing showing the better efficacy.

Key words: albic soil, soil water content, blockage effect, soil water storage, maize