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应用生态学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (12): 3675-3681.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202512.013

• 三江平原白浆土障碍消减与产能关键技术专栏(专栏策划: 韩晓增、王秋菊) • 上一篇    下一篇

石灰配施生物炭对白浆土理化特性及玉米产量的影响

宋玉超1, 肖富容1, 王瑞琢2, 宫平1, 王玲莉1, 魏占波1, 田立彬3, 张丽莉1*   

  1. 1中国科学院沈阳应用生态研究所, 沈阳 110016;
    2沈阳农业大学, 沈阳 110866;
    3北大荒集团八五二农场有限公司, 黑龙江双鸭山 110034
  • 收稿日期:2025-04-01 修回日期:2025-10-20 出版日期:2025-12-18 发布日期:2026-07-18
  • 通讯作者: *E-mail: llzhang@iae.ac.cn
  • 作者简介:宋玉超, 男, 1986年生, 硕士。主要从事新型肥料与土壤改良剂的配方研制及应用研究。E-mail: songyuchao@iae.ac.cn
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD1500800)

Effects of co-application of lime and biochar on physicochemical properties of albic soil and maize yield

SONG Yuchao1, XIAO Furong1, WANG Ruizhuo2, GONG Ping1, WANG Lingli1, WEI Zhanbo1, TIAN Libin3, ZHANG Lili1*   

  1. 1Institute of Applied Ecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shenyang 110016, China;
    2Shenyang Agricultural University, Shenyang 110866, China;
    3Beidahuang Group Heilongjiang 852 Farm Co., Ltd., Shuangyashan 110034, Heilongjiang, China
  • Received:2025-04-01 Revised:2025-10-20 Online:2025-12-18 Published:2026-07-18

摘要: 白浆土的白浆层存在硬化、酸化等障碍问题,是制约白浆土地区粮食作物产量的关键限制因素。本研究通过田间微区试验,设置石灰(900 kg·hm-2,C)、石灰分别与4.5(B1)和9 t·hm-2生物炭(B2)组合作为改良剂,以不加改良剂为对照(CK),探究不同改良剂对白浆土土壤理化性质和玉米生长特性及产量的影响。结果表明: 施用石灰可显著提高白浆层土壤pH值,3个处理较CK增加0.26~0.69个单位;C处理土壤容重较CK增加7.6%,添加生物炭能有效缓解石灰引发的土壤容重增高风险,B1和B2处理土壤容重较C处理分别降低4.6%和3.9%。与CK相比,施用石灰使白浆层土壤全钙含量提高4.7%~22.7%,但同时会降低白浆层土壤有机质含量,C处理有机质含量较CK降低17.6%,而施用生物炭能减轻有机质含量降低风险,较C处理提高15.0%~15.3%。各改良剂处理使玉米株高有增加趋势,但并未对叶片叶绿素含量产生显著影响。C处理玉米籽粒产量较CK提高9%,但差异不显著;而B1和B2处理玉米籽粒产量分别较CK显著提高19.3%和18.0%,B1与B2间差异不显著。Mantel检验分析表明,玉米籽粒产量主要受白浆层土壤pH值的调控。综上,将4.5和9 t·hm-2生物炭与900 kg·hm-2石灰配施可有效缓解白浆层酸化,显著提升玉米产量,其中,以4.5 t·hm-2生物炭与900 kg·hm-2石灰配施配方最具应用价值。

关键词: 土壤改良, 石灰, 生物炭, 玉米

Abstract: Obstacles in the albic layer of albic soil, such as hardening and acidification, are key factors restricting crop yield in albic soil areas. In this study, we conducted a field manipulative microplot experiment, included lime alone (900 kg·hm-2, C), and combinations of lime with 4.5 t·hm-2(B1) and 9 t·hm-2 biochar (B2), control (no amendment, CK), to investigate effects of amendments on soil physical and chemical properties, maize growth characteristics, and yield. The results showed that lime application significantly increased soil pH value of the albic layer, with the three treatments increasing by 0.26-0.69 units compared to CK. Soil bulk density of treatment C increased by 7.6% compared to CK. The addition of biochar could effectively mitigate the risk of increased soil bulk density caused by lime addition, and soil bulk density of B1 and B2 decreased by 4.6% and 3.9% respectively compared to treatment C. Compared to CK, lime application increased soil total calcium content of the albic layer by 4.7%-22.7%, but it led to a decrease in soil organic matter content, which decreased by 17.6% in treatment C compared to CK. However, biochar application effectively reduced the risk of organic matter content decline and increase organic matter content of the albic soil layer by 15.0%-15.3% compared to treatment C. The application of all amendment formulations showed a tendency to increase maize plant height, but had no significant effect on leaf chlorophyll content. Compared to CK, grain yield of treatment C increased by 9%, but the difference was not significant, while that of B1 and B2 significantly increased by 19.3% and 18.0% respectively. There was no significant difference between B1 and B2. Mantel test analysis showed that grain yield was mainly regulated by soil pH of albic layer. In conclusion, the combined application of 4.5 t·hm-2 and 9 t·hm-2 biochar with 900 kg·hm-2 lime could effectively alleviate the acidification of albic layer and significantly increase maize yield. Among them, the combined application of 4.5 t·hm-2 biochar and 900 kg·hm-2 lime demonstrates the highest application value.

Key words: soil improvement, lime, biochar, maize