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应用生态学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (12): 3689-3698.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202512.020

• 三江平原白浆土障碍消减与产能关键技术专栏(专栏策划: 韩晓增、王秋菊) • 上一篇    下一篇

玉米秸秆还田对白浆土水溶性有机碳及荧光特性的影响

匡恩俊1, 王秋菊1,2*, 邹佳何1, 李婧阳1, 田立彬3, 姜宇1, 刘峰1   

  1. 1黑龙江省农业科学院, 哈尔滨 150086;
    2黑龙江省土壤环境与植物营养重点实验室, 哈尔滨 150086;
    3北大荒集团黑龙江八五二农场有限公司, 黑龙江双鸭山 110034
  • 收稿日期:2025-03-21 修回日期:2025-11-02 出版日期:2025-12-18 发布日期:2026-07-18
  • 通讯作者: *E-mail: bqjwang@126.com
  • 作者简介:匡恩俊, 女, 1982年生, 博士, 副研究员。主要从事农业资源与环境研究。E-mail: kuangenjun2002@163.com
  • 基金资助:
    国家重点研发计划项目(2022YFD1500800)和中央引导地方科技发展专项(ZY04JD05-002)

Effects of maize straw application on water-soluble organic carbon and fluorescence characteristics of albic soil

KUANG Enjun1, WANG Qiuju1,2*, ZOU Jiahe1, LI Jingyang1, TIAN Libin3, JIANG Yu1, LIU feng1   

  1. 1Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150086, China;
    2Key Laboratory of Heilongjiang Soil Environment and Plant Nutrient, Harbin 150086, China;
    3Beidahuang Group Heilongjiang 852 Farm Co., Ltd., Shuangyashan 110034, Heilongjiang, China
  • Received:2025-03-21 Revised:2025-11-02 Online:2025-12-18 Published:2026-07-18

摘要: 白浆土是我国典型低产土壤,土壤有机质含量低,探索玉米秸秆还田对白浆土水溶性有机碳(WSOC)含量的影响,对提升白浆土碳水平及稳定土壤地力具有重要意义。本研究分别向2种白浆土亚类(岗地白浆土和草甸白浆土)土壤10、20和30 cm土层添加玉米秸秆(土壤重量的1%),以不加秸秆为对照,分析添加40、100和290 d后土壤WSOC含量及其荧光特性的变化。结果表明: 玉米秸秆添加到不同深度土壤中均增加了WSOC含量,且随着秸秆添加时间的延长呈增加趋势;添加290 d后,岗地白浆土和草甸白浆土10、20、30 cm深度土壤WSOC含量分别比对照增加了6.4%、15.7%、131.7%和8.6%、25.1%、54.0%。添加玉米秸秆降低了土壤水溶性有机碳/土壤有机碳(WSOC/SOC)比例,SOC库的稳定性增强;荧光指数(1.15~1.79)和自生源指数(0.91~2.63)平均较对照增加5.8%和2.7%,腐殖化指数(0.25~0.62)平均较对照降低15.0%,表明土壤WSOC受外源和内源物质的综合影响,添加秸秆后白浆土腐殖化程度降低。所有土壤WSOC荧光图谱解析出4个组分,属于3种物质,分别为溶解性微生物产物、类腐殖酸和类蛋白质物质;添加秸秆后岗地白浆土类腐殖酸减少,溶解性微生物产物和类蛋白质增加;草甸白浆土类腐殖酸在10和30 cm深度增加、20 cm深度减少,溶解性微生物产物在10和20 cm深度增加、30 cm深度减少,类蛋白质与溶解性微生物产物相反。秸秆还田有利于增加白浆土WSOC含量,促进WSOC溶液中低分子量荧光组分的形成,使结构趋于简单化,提升土壤供肥能力。

关键词: 白浆土, 玉米秸秆, 水溶性有机碳, 组分, 结构

Abstract: Albic soil is a typical low-yield soil in China, characterized by low soil organic matter content. Exploring the impacts of maize straw return on the water-soluble organic carbon (WSOC) content of albic soils is of great significance for improving carbon sequestration and stabilizing soil fertility. In an experiment, we added maize straw (1% of soil mass) to two subtypes of albic soil (typical and meadow albic soils) at depths of 10 cm, 20 cm, and 30 cm, with no straw addition as the control, to analyze changes in WSOC content and fluorescence characteristics at 40, 100, and 290 days after straw addition. Results showed that maize straw addition significantly increased WSOC content at all depths in both subtypes, with a tendency to increase over time. After 290 days, WSOC content in typical albic soil increased by 6.4%, 15.7%, and 131.7% at 10 cm, 20 cm, and 30 cm depths, respectively, while meadow albic soil showed increases of 8.6%, 25.1%, and 54.0% at the same depths. Maize straw addition significantly decreased the water-soluble organic carbon/soil organic carbon (WSOC/SOC) ratio, indicating higher stability of SOC pool. The fluorescence index (1.15-1.79) and biogenic index (0.91-2.63) increased by 5.8% and 2.7%, respectively, while the humification index (0.25-0.62) decreased by 15.0%, suggesting that WSOC was influenced by both exogenous and endogenous substances and that straw addition led to a reduction in the humification of albic soils. Analysis of the WSOC fluorescence spectra identified four components belonging to three types of substances: soluble microbial products, humic acid like substances, and protein-like substances. After the addition of straw, the contents of humic acid like substances in typical albic soil decreased, while that of soluble microbial products and protein like substance increased. In meadow albic soil, the contents of humic acid like substances increased at depths of 10 cm and 30 cm but decreased at 20 cm; soluble microbial products increased at depths of 10 cm and 20 cm but decreased at 30 cm, while that of protein-like substances showed the opposite trend. Straw retuning increased the WSOC content in albic soil, promoted the formation of low-molecular-weight fluorescent components in WSOC solution, simplified the structure and enhanced the nutrient-supplying capacity.

Key words: albic soil, maize straw, water-soluble organic carbon, component, structure