长期施氮对旱地小麦灌浆期叶绿素荧光参数的影响

应用生态学报 ›› 2003, Vol. ›› Issue (5): 695-698.

长期施氮对旱地小麦灌浆期叶绿素荧光参数的影响

张雷明^1,2, 上官周平¹, 毛明策¹, 于贵端²

1. 中国科学院水土保持研究所, 杨凌 712100;
2. 中国科学院地理科学与资源研究所, 北京 100101

收稿日期:2002-09-14 修回日期:2002-12-13
通讯作者: 张雷明,男,1974年,在读博士,主要从事土壤-作物水分关系及其调控方面的研究工作.E-mail:zhanglm@igsnrr.ac.cn.
基金资助:
国家重点基础研究发展规划项目(G1999011708);国家自然科学基金(30270801);中国科学院“百人计划”生态系统管理的基础生态学过程研究资助项目

Effects of long term application of nitrogen fertilizer on leaf chlorophyll fluorescence of upland winter wheat

ZHANG Leiming^1,2, SHANGGUAN Zhouping¹, MAO Mingce¹, YU Guirui ²

1. Institute of Water and Soil Conservation Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yangling 712100, China;
2. Institute of Geographical Sciences and Natural Resources Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China

Received:2002-09-14 Revised:2002-12-13

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 探讨了长期施氮对黄土旱塬冬小麦灌浆期叶绿素荧光的影响.结果表明,PSⅡ反应中心的实际光化学效率(ФPSⅡ)随叶片水分胁迫的加剧而降低,施氮可明显提高ФPSⅡ.施氮量为0kg·hm^-2、90kg·hm^-2和180kg·hm^-2三个处理中午时叶片的ФPSⅡ分别为0.197、0.279和0.283,与上午相比分别降低了57.7%、56.4%和40.2%;下午各处理的ФPSⅡ均得以恢复,0kg·hm^-2和90kg·hm^-2处理分别恢复到上午的87.3%和81.5%,180kg·hm^-2处理则完全恢复,并稍高于上午.施氮可提高PSⅡ的最大光化学量子效率(Fv/Fm)、光化学猝灭系数(qP)和非光化学猝灭系数(qNP)等荧光参数,表明施氮一方面提高了光能转换效率和PSⅡ的潜在活性,另一方面增强了过剩光能的非光化学耗散,有利于保护光合机构免受环境胁迫的破坏.但90kg·hm^-2和180kg·hm^-2施氮处理之间对光合的促进作用差异不显著,表明过量施氮无助于光合性能的提高,作物的光合能力并不随施氮量而同比例的改善.

关键词: 长期施氮, 叶绿素荧光, 冬小麦, 旱地, 群落动态, 生态指示, 土壤螨类, 生态修复

Abstract: The effects of long term nitrogen fertilization on chlorophyll fluorescence of winter wheat at its grain filling stage on Loess Plateau highland were studied.The results showed that the actual photochemical efficiency of PSⅡreaction center (ФPSⅡ) was decreased with leaf water stress aggravated, while was increased by nitrogen supply.The ФPSⅡ of 0 kg·hm^-2,90 kg·hm^-2 and 180 kg·hm^-2 nitrogen treatments at noon were 0.197, 0.279 and 0.283, which decreased by 57.7%,56.4% and 40.2% compared to that of morning, respectively. While they were all resumed at afternoon, even it was higher, for 180 kg·hm^-2 nitrogen treatment, than that of morning. Maximum photochemical efficiency (Fv/Fm),photochemical quenching coefficient (qP),and non photochemical quenching coefficient (qNP) were also increased by nitrogen supply,showing that the light energy conversion efficiency,and potential activity of photosynthetic reaction center and the non photochemical dissipation of excess light energy, which resisted the damage on photosynthetic apparatus of environmental stress, were improved.No significant difference was found between 90 kg·hm^-2 and 180 kg·hm^-2 Ntreatments,which indicated that excess nitrogen was not favorable to photosynthetic performance, and photosynthetic capacity was not improved in proportion with nitrogen supply.

Key words: Long term nitrogen fertilization, Chlorophyll fluorescence, Winter wheat, Dryland , community dynamic, ecological indication, ecological restoration., soil mite

中图分类号:

Q945.11

张雷明, 上官周平, 毛明策, 于贵端. 长期施氮对旱地小麦灌浆期叶绿素荧光参数的影响[J]. 应用生态学报, 2003, (5): 695-698.

ZHANG Leiming, SHANGGUAN Zhouping, MAO Mingce, YU Guirui . Effects of long term application of nitrogen fertilizer on leaf chlorophyll fluorescence of upland winter wheat[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2003, (5): 695-698.

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