小麦湿害营养及其营养调控效应研究

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 通过盆钵试验,研究了湿害条件下几种营养调控措施对营养吸收及其产量的效应.结果表明,渍水严重抑制了小麦对N、P、K、Zn、Cu的吸收.可再利用营养元素(N、P、K、Zn)以叶部下降最为明显,其次是茎部,穗部下降极少;不可再利用元素Cu在受渍小麦各部位均衡下降;湿害使单株产量大幅度下降.采用调控措施对湿害较轻的皖麦19,追施氮肥或喷施N、P、K均可有效地提高其对营养元素的吸收并能有效提高产量;对湿害较严重的扬麦158,无论是养分的吸收和积累还是产量的提高均无效应.相关分析表明受湿小麦的产量与叶片中N素积累量呈显著正相关.

关键词: 小麦, 湿害, 营养调控

Abstract: With pot experiment,this paper dealt with the effects of different nutrition regulations on nutrient absorption and crop yield of wheat under waterlogged condition. N,P,K,Zn,Cu uptakes by wheat were greatly inhibited by waterlogging.The total amounts of reusable elements N,P,K and Zn in leaves decreased obviously in stems but did not in ears, compared with control;while the total amount of element Cu in all parts was reduced by waterlogging.The yield of individual wheat plant was significantly reduced under waterlogging.Additional N-fertilizer or spraying N,P and K significantly increased the uptake of nutrients and the yield for Wanmai 19 under light waterlogging,but were not effective for Yanmai 158 under heavy waterlogging.A positive correlation was found between the yield of wheat under waterlogging and the N accumulation in leaves.

Key words: Wheat, Wet injury, Nutrition regulation

常江. 小麦湿害营养及其营养调控效应研究[J]. 应用生态学报, 2000, (3): 373-376.

CHANG Jiang. Nutrition of wheat under wet injury and its regulation[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2000, (3): 373-376.

参考文献

1 Cai S-B(蔡士宾), Cao Y(曹旸), Fang X-W(方先文) et al. 1994. Effect of waterlogging and high temperature on plant senescence and kernel weight of wheat during the grain-filling stage. Acta Agron Sin(作物学报), 20(4):457～464(in Chinese)
2 Cannell RQ, Belford RK, Gales K et al. 1980. Effects of waterlogging at different stages of development on the growth and yield of wheat. J Agric Sci Food Agric, 31:117～132
3 Dong J-G(董建国), Yu Sh-W(余叔文). 1984. Effects of cytokinin on senescence and ethylene production in waterlogged wheat plants. Acta Phytophysiol Sin(植物生理学报),10(1):55～62(in Chinese)
4 Lu J(吕军). 1994. The injury to winter wheat growth by soil waterlogging and its mechanism. Acta Phytophysiol Sin(植物生理学报),20(3):221～226(in Chinese)
5 Musgrave ME.1994. Waterlogging effects on yield and photosythesis in eight wheat cultivars. Crop Sci,34:1314～1317
6 Qin S-C(秦遂初), Luo Y-M(骆永明), Huang C-Y(黄昌勇) et al. 1994. Studies on the relationship between the sterility in wheat caused by copper deficiency and the starch accumulation in the pollen grains. Acta Agrona Sin(作物学报), 20(4):453～456(in Chinese)
7 Shi R-H(史瑞和). 1988. Soil and Agrochemistry Analysis. Beijing:Agriculture Press.(in Chinese)
8 Talukder MSU. 1987. Growth and development of wheat as affected by soil-moisture. Indian J Agric,57(8):559
9 Wang S-G(王三根), He L-R(何立人), Li Zh-W(李正玮) et al. 1996. A comparative study on the resistance of barley and wheat to waterlogging. Acta Agron Sin(作物学报), 22(2):228～237(in Chinese)
10 Xiang H-W(向厚文), Chu Y-Sh(褚瑶顺), Liang Sh-C(梁少川) et al. 1993. Identification on waterlogging-tolerance of wheat and its prevention of waterlogging damage. Hubei Agric Sci(湖北农业科学), (5):13～16(in Chinese)
11 Zhang F-S(张福锁). 1993. Environment Stress and Plant Nutrition. Beijing:Beijing Agricultural University Press. 190～194(in Chinese)
12 Zhu X-T(朱旭彤), Hu Y-Zh(胡业正), Ma P-F(马平福) et al. 1993. Study on waterlogging resistance of wheat Ⅰ. Critical period of wheat to waterlogging. Hubei Agric Sci(湖北农业科学), (9):3～7(in Chinese)

[1]	郭葳, 王楠, 张凯悦, 宋沛沛, 马占强. Cu₂O纳米颗粒对小麦幼苗快速叶绿素荧光诱导动力学特征及相关基因的影响 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2024, 35(3): 721-730.
[2]	蔡洪梅, 王菲菲, 王捧娜, 唐志伟, 黄伟祥, 郑宝强, 李金才, 陈翔. 冬小麦越冬期壮苗评价方法与指标研究进展 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2024, 35(2): 555-563.
[3]	李长青, 纪萌, 马萌萌, 王硕, 刘欢, 孙志梅. 天然增效剂与化学抑制剂复配对小麦/玉米轮作体系产量、氮素利用及氮平衡的影响 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2023, 34(9): 2391-2397.
[4]	杨毅轩, 陈应枝, 唐芃, 林文, 孙敏, 高志强. 播种方式对黄淮海麦区西部冬小麦氮素利用与产量形成的影响 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2023, 34(6): 1572-1582.
[5]	张鹏飞, 刘朋召, 王成龙, 邓明珠, 林延荣, 任小龙, 陈小莉. 大气NH₃浓度升高对不同施氮水平下小麦叶片光合特征和籽粒产量的影响 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2023, 34(4): 1009-1014.
[6]	刘阿康, 马瑞琦, 王德梅, 王艳杰, 杨玉双, 赵广才, 常旭虹. 冬前积温对北部冬麦区小麦苗期生长的影响 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2023, 34(3): 679-687.
[7]	惠凯善, 吴召汉, 张永丽. 节水补灌下施磷量对小麦不同茎蘖光合和衰老特性及产量的影响 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2023, 34(2): 451-462.
[8]	谢永凯, 宋晋瑶, 刘敏, 孟万忠, 冯美臣, 王超, 杨武德, 乔星星, 杨晨波. 水分胁迫下冬小麦脯氨酸含量高光谱监测 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2023, 34(2): 463-470.
[9]	陈悦, 赵庚星, 常春艳, 王卓然, 李因帅, 赵环三, 张术伟, 潘敬瑞. 基于Sentinel-2多光谱影像的小麦-玉米轮作耕地粮食产量估测——以曹县为例 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2023, 34(12): 3347-3356.
[10]	崔国际, 王传伟, 贺威, 李宇星, 黄正来, 张文静, 马尚宇, 樊永惠. 外源海藻糖对灌浆期高温胁迫下小麦灌浆特性和糖组分含量的影响 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2023, 34(11): 3021-3029.
[11]	李传梁, 于振文, 张娟, 张永丽, 石玉. 测墒补灌条件下施氮量对小麦开花后¹³C同化物积累量和水氮利用效率的影响 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2023, 34(1): 92-98.
[12]	王洁, 华一帆, 秦际远, 贺明荣, 鞠正春, 吕鹏, 邓淑珍, 代兴龙. 表油菜素内酯喷施时期对宽幅播种小麦产量和氮素利用率的影响 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2023, 34(1): 99-106.
[13]	孔令英, 赵俊晔, 张振, 石玉, 于振文. 宽幅播种下基本苗密度对小麦旗叶光合特性及叶片和根系衰老的影响 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2023, 34(1): 107-113.
[14]	马玉诏, 党红凯, 李科江, 郑春莲, 曹彩云, 张俊鹏, 李全起. 咸水灌溉对冬小麦籽粒品质特性和产量的影响 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2022, 33(4): 1063-1068.
[15]	尹嘉德, 张俊英, 侯慧芝, 张绪成, 马明生, 郭宏娟, 方彦杰, 雷康宁. 基于APSIM模型的旱地春小麦产量对施氮量和施氮深度的响应模拟 [J]. 应用生态学报, 2022, 33(3): 775-783.