氮磷运筹对土壤酶活性、养分供应和小麦产量的影响

doi:10.13287/j.1001-9332.202511.015

应用生态学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (11): 3367-3377.doi: 10.13287/j.1001-9332.202511.015

氮磷运筹对土壤酶活性、养分供应和小麦产量的影响

靳海洋^1,2, 赵宇浩¹, 李春苗³, 王家瑞^1,2, 杜思梦^1,2, 何宁¹, 郑飞¹, 李向东^1,2*

¹河南省农业科学院小麦研究所/河南省小麦产量-品质协同提升工程研究中心, 郑州 450002;
²河南周口农高区小麦技术创新中心, 河南周口 477150;
³郸城县农业科学研究所, 河南周口 477150

收稿日期:2025-01-26 接受日期:2025-10-02 出版日期:2025-11-18 发布日期:2026-06-18
通讯作者: * E-mail: hnlxd@126.com
作者简介:靳海洋, 男, 1991年生, 博士。主要从事作物栽培与土壤生态功能研究。E-mail: jinhaiyang321@163.com
基金资助:
河南省重点研发专项(251111110900)、河南省现代农业产业技术体系建设专项(HARS-22-01-G5)、河南省科协青年人才托举工程项目(2025HYTP073)、河南省农业科学院自主创新项目(2025ZC01)和河南省农业科学院科技创新团队项目(2023TD07)

Effects of nitrogen and phosphorus management on soil enzyme activity, nutrient supply, and wheat yield

JIN Haiyang^1,2, ZHAO Yuhao¹, LI Chunmiao³, WANG Jiarui^1,2, DU Simeng^1,2, HE Ning¹, ZHENG Fei¹, LI Xiangdong^1,2*

¹Wheat Research Institute, Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Henan Engineering Research Center for Synergistic Improvement of Wheat Yield-Quality, Zhengzhou 450002, China;
²Wheat Technology Innovation Center of Henan Zhoukou Agricultural High-tech Industry Demonstration Zone, Zhoukou 477150, Henan, China;
³Dancheng Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Zhoukou 477150, Henan, China

Received:2025-01-26 Accepted:2025-10-02 Online:2025-11-18 Published:2026-06-18

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 为探明不同生育时期氮磷运筹对土壤养分转化供应和小麦产量形成的调控效应,在开封龙亭和周口郸城两个试验点,在总施氮、磷量相同的条件下设置4个不同氮磷施肥次数处理:底肥(50%)和拔节肥(50%)2次施氮+底肥1次施磷(对照,2N1P),底肥(50%)、拔节肥(30%)、开花肥(20%)3次施氮+底肥1次施磷(3N1P),底肥(50%)、拔节肥(50%)2次施氮+底肥(70%)、拔节肥(30%)2次施磷(2N2P),底肥(50%)、拔节肥(30%)、开花肥(20%)3次施氮+底肥(70%)、拔节肥(30%)2次施磷(3N2P),研究氮磷运筹对土壤酶活性、土壤养分含量、小麦干物质积累及产量的影响。结果表明:与2N1P处理相比,3N2P处理显著提高了越冬期、拔节期、开花期土壤β-1,4-葡萄糖苷酶和纤维二糖水解酶活性,2N2P处理显著提高了拔节期、开花期、成熟期土壤亮氨酸氨基肽酶和磷酸酶活性;3N2P处理显著提高了拔节期、开花期土壤有效磷含量,2N2P处理显著提高了开花期土壤有效磷含量;3N2P处理显著提高了开花期和成熟期干物质积累量,增幅为14.3%～25.7%;2N2P和3N2P处理显著提高了小麦籽粒产量,其中3N2P处理提高幅度最大,增幅为7.8%～10.8%。综上,氮肥分2～3次施用、磷肥分2次施用,尤其是3次施氮2次施磷,可促进土壤养分转化供应和小麦花前花后干物质积累,提高小麦籽粒产量。

关键词: 小麦, 氮磷, 土壤酶, 微孔板荧光法

Abstract: To explore the effects of nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) management at different growth stages on soil nutrient transformation, supply, and wheat yield formation, we conducted a field experiment at two sites of Longting (Kaifeng) and Dancheng (Zhoukou). With identical total N and P application rates, we designed four treatments with different N and P application frequencies: 50% basal, 50% jointing 2-split N + basal 1-split P (2N1P), 50% basal, 30% jointing, 20% anthesis 3-split N + basal 1-split P (3N1P), 50% basal, 50% jointing 2-split N + 70% basal, 30% jointing 2-split P (2N2P), and 50% basal, 30% jointing, 20% anthesis 3-split N + 70% basal, 30% jointing 2-split P (3N2P). We analyzed the impacts of these nitrogen and phosphorus management strategies on soil enzyme activities, soil nutrient, wheat dry matter accumulation, and grain yield. Compared with the 2N1P treatment, the 3N2P treatment significantly enhanced the activities of soil β-1,4-glucosidase and cellobiohydrolase during the wintering, jointing, and anthesis stages. In contrast, the 2N2P treatment significantly elevated the activities of soil leucine aminopeptidase and phosphatase during the jointing, anthesis, and maturity stages. The 3N2P treatment significantly increased soil available phosphorus content during the jointing and flowering stages, while the 2N2P treatment significantly increased soil available phosphorus content specifically during the anthesis stage. The 3N2P treatment significantly promoted dry matter accumulation during the anthesis and maturity stages, with an increase range of 14.3%-25.7%. Both the 2N2P and 3N2P treatments significantly improved wheat grain yield, with 3N2P treatment achieving higher yield increase of 7.8%-10.8%. In conclusion, the application of nitrogen fertilizer in two to three split doses and phosphorus fertilizer in two split doses, particularly 3N2P could enhance soil nutrient transformation and availability, promote pre- and post-anthesis dry matter accumulation in wheat, and thereby increase grain yield.

Key words: wheat, nitrogen and phosphorus, soil enzyme, microplate fluorescence method

靳海洋, 赵宇浩, 李春苗, 王家瑞, 杜思梦, 何宁, 郑飞, 李向东. 氮磷运筹对土壤酶活性、养分供应和小麦产量的影响[J]. 应用生态学报, 2025, 36(11): 3367-3377.

JIN Haiyang, ZHAO Yuhao, LI Chunmiao, WANG Jiarui, DU Simeng, HE Ning, ZHENG Fei, LI Xiangdong. Effects of nitrogen and phosphorus management on soil enzyme activity, nutrient supply, and wheat yield[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2025, 36(11): 3367-3377.

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氮磷运筹对土壤酶活性、养分供应和小麦产量的影响

Effects of nitrogen and phosphorus management on soil enzyme activity, nutrient supply, and wheat yield

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