农田和森林土壤中氧化亚氮的产生与还原

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 采用土壤淤浆方法对丹麦农田和山毛榉森林土壤反硝化过程中N₂O的产生与还原进行了研究,同时考察了硝酸根和铵离子对反硝化作用的影响.结果表明,森林土壤反硝化活性大于农田土壤,但农田土壤中N₂O还原活性大于森林土壤,表现在农田和森林土壤中N₂O/N₂的产生比率分别为0.11和3.65.硝酸根和铵离子能促进两种土壤中的N₂O产生,但可降低农田土壤中的N₂O还原速率.与农田土壤相比,硝酸根可降低森林土壤N₂O的还原能力,而铵离子却表现出对N₂O还原的促进作用.培养1周内尽管农田土壤中硝酸根始终存在,但几乎所有产生的N₂O都被还原成N₂.然而,只有当硝酸根几乎耗尽,森林土壤中N₂O的还原才开始进行.由于两种土壤pH值的不同造成硝酸根对N₂O还原抑制作用的差异,因为酸性条件下硝酸根对N₂O还原的抑制较强.因此,土壤消耗大气N₂O的适宜条件为厌氧,pH中性和硝酸根含量低.

关键词: 反硝化作用, 温室气体, N₂O还原, N₂O/N₂比率

Abstract: A soil water slurry experiment was conducted to study the potentials of N₂O production and reduction in denitrification of agricultural and beech forest soils in Denmark. The effects of nitrate and ammonium additions on denitrification were also investigated. The forest soil showed a higher denitrification potential than the agricultural soil. However, N₂O reduction potential of the agricultural soil was higher than the beech forest soil, shown by the ratio of N₂O/N₂ approximately 0.11 and 3.65 in the agricultural and the beech forest soils, respectively. Both nitrate and ammonium additions stimulated the N₂O production in the two soils, but reduced the N₂O reduction rates in the agricultural soil slurries. In contrast to the effect on the agricultural soil, nitrate reduced the N₂O reduction rate in the beech forest soil, while ammonium showed a stimulating effect on the N₂O reduction activity. After one week incubation, all of the N₂O produced was reduced to N₂ in the agricultural soil when nitrate was still present. Nitrous oxide reduction in the beech forest soil occurred only when nitrate almost disappeared. The different nitrate inhibitory effect on the N₂O reduction activity in the two soils was due to the difference in soil pH. Inhibition of nitrate on N₂O reduction was significant under acidic condition. Consequently, soil could serve as a sink of atmospheric N₂O under the conditions of anaerobic, pH near neutral and low nitrate content.

Key words: Denitrification, N₂O reduction, Greenhouse gases, N₂O/N₂ ratio

于克伟, 陈冠雄, StenStruwe, Annelise KjФller. 农田和森林土壤中氧化亚氮的产生与还原[J]. 应用生态学报, 2000, (3): 385-389.

YU Kewei, CHEN Guanxiong, StenStruwe, Annelise KjФller. Production and reduction of nitrous oxide in agricultural and forest soils[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 2000, (3): 385-389.

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